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Vocabulary Lessons Exam Words Know the synonyms, definitions, and usage of the following words: fetid denounce coerce immortal surpass frolicsome / frolic preconceived sublime eclectic decipher consolidate contrive preserved unparalleled efficient incoherent lucid delirium exploits zealous expectant tangible jubilant lurking immerse tumultuous There will not be antonyms, analogies, or pictures on the exam. The exam is word usage, in context, in a sentence or paragraph, along with word substitution for words or phrases in a sentence. Writing and Grammar Exam Review pg. 300 Pronouns and Antecedents Definition of a pronoun:___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Definition of an antecedent:_______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Underline the pronoun and draw an arrow to its antecedent. Mary bought the newspaper and read it. The reporter made sure he got the facts correct. pg. 304 Demonstrative Pronouns Definition of a demonstrative pronoun: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What are the 4 demonstrative pronouns? _____________________________________________ Circle the demonstrative pronoun and draw an arrow to what it refers to. This is a new invention. That is newsprint. Those are her books. pg. 315 Action Verbs: Visible / Invisible Definition of a visible action verb: __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Definition of an invisible (mental) action verb: ________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Circle visible action verbs. Underline invisible action verbs. The audience applauded the performers. She understood the assignment. He seized control of the government. Jack’s hopes soared. pg. 316 Linking Verbs Definition of a linking verb: _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Underline the linking verb and circle the words being linked. The philosophers were thoughtful. The girl remained calm. She was a historian. pg. 320 Helping Verbs / Main Verbs Definition of a helping verb: _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Definition of a main verb: __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Circle the helping verbs and underline the main verbs: He had conquered many territories. He should have been leading the soldiers. pg. 330 Adjectives Definition of an adjective: _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ What are the two parts of speech an adjective may modify? ________________________________ Circle all the adjectives: Table tennis is played on green tables. Large, colorful graphics covered the screen. pg. 332 Articles Definition of an article: ___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Which article is a definite article? __________________________ Which two articles are indefinite, and how do you know when to use each one? _______________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Circle all the articles in the sentences: A puppy is the silliest baby! An elephant is huge and strong! All of the girls are going. pg. 334 Proper Adjectives Definition of a proper adjective: ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Underline all the proper adjectives in the sentences: The Baltimore newspaper is in Baltimore, Maryland. Table soccer began as a German game. pg. 336 Pronouns as Adjectives (Possessive Adjectives) Definition of a possessive adjective:_________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Underline the possessive adjectives and draw a line to its antecedents. All students can leave their books here. Mike broke his record in tennis. pg. 338 Demonstrative Adjectives Definition of a demonstrative adjective:________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ What are the 4 demonstrative adjectives? ______________________________________________ Circle all the demonstrative adjectives: That game of darts looks like fun. This boat belongs to me. All of those books are going. pg. 340 Adverbs Definition of an adverb: ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Underline all the adverbs in the sentences: The mother tenderly moved the pup. Yesterday, the males hunted extremely well. A very kind and quite nice woman helped me. She quickly left for Paris today. pg. 352 Prepositions and Prepositional phrases Definition of a preposition: ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What does a prepositional phrase have to have?_______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Write the 55 common prepositions: Underline all the prepositions and put parenthesis around the prepositional phrases: The ball was hit over the fence, through the window, and into the front living room. The boy in the white shirt gave the teacher a book from the shelf. I walked into the room and began to read. The little puppy in the yard barked at the man on the street. pg. 354 Distinguishing Between Prepositions and Adverbs Circle prepositions and underline adverbs. The ball rolled outside the infield. He played past his sixtieth birthday. The game is played outside. He had played for many years before. pg. 364 Coordinating Conjunctions Definition of a coordinating conjunction:_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ What are the 7 coordinating conjunctions? _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Underline the coordinating conjunctions in the sentences and circle the words it joins together: The seals and sea lions live there. He or I will lead the nature talk. He works quickly yet carefully. The hikers walked the trail over the hill and to the beach. pg. 370 Interjections Underline the interjections in the sentences: Wow! What a great play! Oh, I wish I could find it. Ooops, I dropped it. pg. 380 The Basic Sentence - Simple Subjects Definition of a simple subject:________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Underline the simple subjects of the sentences: He asked me for help. All of us are going. China was where the abacus was invented. Mary, Jack, and John are sleeping quietly. pg. 382 Simple Predicates Definition of a simple predicate: _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Underline the simple predicates of the sentences: Connie drew the graphic for the cover. Marvin must be ready. The programs were changed. Jack ran, jumped, and leaped over the hurdles. pg. 386 Complete Subjects/Predicates Definition of a complete subject: _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Definition of a complete predicate: ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Underline the complete subject of each sentence once and the complete predicate twice. My old friend returned my computer disk today. An expensive model of the computer sits in the store window. Do you like chocolate chip cookies? pg. 390 Compound Subjects/Predicates Underline compound (simple) subjects once and compound (simple) predicates twice: Bob or Sue will go. Hockey and football are my favorite sports. Sandy and Marie called and asked for help. Words, pictures, and sounds are changed easily. Silly puppies and smart kitties played, slept, and snored throughout the day. pg. 398 Direct Objects Definition of a direct object: _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Underline the direct objects of the sentences: I dropped the pen on the floor. Fred asked Mary a question. She picked up the books, paper, and pens. He gave her a minute to respond. pg. 400 Indirect Objects Definition of an indirect object: ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Underline the indirect objects of the sentences: Mike gave Sam the hunting knife. Jeff asked Mary a question. Tom sold Jack, Eric, and Mike the tickets to the concert. pg. 404 Predicate Nouns (Nominatives) Definition of a predicate nominative: ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Circle the predicate nouns in the sentences: Mike is the captain of our team. The bridge was a very old structure. My puppy is a Labrador. The speakers today are Jim and Rebecca. pg. 407 Predicate Adjectives Definition of a predicate adjective:____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Underline the predicate adjectives in the sentences: The river appears deep. Your hand feels cold. I am tired. The room grew crowded and stuffy. She was prepared but excited. pg. 421 Using Appositive Phrases Definition of an appositive / appositive phrase: __________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Underline the appositive phrase and draw an arrow to the word(s) it modifies: Mrs. Smith, my teacher, is going on a trip to China. Jack, my brother, is in her class. Cumulative paragraph: Read the paragraph below and answer the questions. All of the students brought their workbooks to class one Friday. After writing down their homework, the students knew to look at the daily agenda written on the board and get ready for class. The first thing to do was give their teacher their homework. Now the teacher, Mr. Smith, is really nice, so if they didn’t have it, they knew they could turn it in the next day. However, the person standing before them was a substitute – their teacher was absent! Mike and Jack panicked and glanced at each other. The two boys were now worried about their homework grades. a. predicate noun/nominative b. predicate adjective e. simple subject f. simple predicate i. complete subject j. compound predicates c. indirect object d. direct object g. appositive h. compound subjects k. complete predicate All is used as a _____ homework is used as a_____ brought is used as a _____ nice is used as a_____ teacher is used as a _____ substitute is used as a ______ Mr. Smith is used as a_____ Mike and Jack are_______ and _____ panicked and glanced are _______ were now worried about their homework grades is the ________. pg. 426 – 429 Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences Definition of a simple sentence: __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Definition of a compound sentence:________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Definition of a complex sentence: ________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Write what type of sentence each is: simple, compound, or complex. The bell rang.____________________ She rode up the path to school._________________ I planned to go to the hockey game, but I could not get tickets._____________________ The kittens and puppies jumped, tumbled, and played all day in the yard.________________ Because Kayla has so much climbing experience, we asked her to lead our group.__________ My mother and father wished me luck and drove me to the race.____________________ This is the event that he describes in the book._______________________ A rider uses high gears to keep the bike at speed during level riding.____________________ Allen is stronger than we realized._________________________ Cumulative paragraph: Read the paragraph below and answer the questions. 1. During my nature walk I saw several beautiful birds. 2. They were perched on several branches of the swaying birch tree, and many had nests. 3. Often, if I was quiet, I could stand very close to the lower branches and see them very easily. 4. Many ignored me. 5. Some flew away. 6. While I was standing there. Which groups of words are examples of a simple sentence?_______ Which group of words is an example of a compound sentence?_____ Which group of words is an example of a subordinate/dependent clause?_____ Which group of words is an example of a complex sentence?_____ Subordinating conjunctions: Write what AAAWWUBBIS stands for: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ pg. 508 Using Subject/Nominative Pronouns What are the subject/nominative pronouns?__________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Choose the correct pronoun to finish the sentence. The kids down the street and (us,we) often play football. Our team members and (them, they) are the same age. Derrick and (her, she) will be the team captains. Julie and (I, me) run faster than anyone else. (Him, He) and (I, me) celebrated. pg. 509 Using Objective Pronouns What are the objective pronouns? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Choose the correct pronoun to finish the sentence. Write down how it is being used in the sentence: IO, DO, or Obj. of Prep. Tim invited (I, me) to a soccer game._________________ Just above (he and I, him and me) were some rowdy fans. ___________________________ Zoe visited (we, us) before the game started.______________________ She brought Todd and (I, me) a game program.____________________ Between you and (I, me), it was a fantastic day.____________________ Our team captain voted for (he, him)._______________________ My friend gave (I, me) highlights of the game._____________________ The player asked the coach and (he, him) for help._____________________ pg. 510 Using Possessive Pronouns What are the possessive pronouns (adjectives)? _______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ What are the possessive pronouns?_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Choose the correct pronoun to finish each sentence. I left ____ sneakers at home. my, mine The trophy will be ____. theirs, their’s I know ___ owner will be glad to get this backpack back! its, it’s pg. 511 Using Different Pronoun Cases Underline the pronoun in the sentence. Tell what case it is in: Nominative Objective Possessive You are holding up traffic._______________________ Ours is the best school in the district.____________________ The vacation had its great moments.______________________ I told her a secret.______________________ Roger asked me._____________________ Did they practice this afternoon?_________________ The person to ask is he._________________________ Michelle and we went to the park._______________________ I have known Bert and him since first grade.__________________________ The auditorium is ours for the afternoon._______________________ pg. 528 Pronoun and Antecedent Agreement Choose the correct pronoun to finish the sentence correctly. Melissa planned (she, her) trip to Canada’s Yukon last month. Tom will lend Melissa (him, his) suitcase. Hikers will have (his, their) pick of trails in the Yukon. The boys have all brought (his, their) hiking boots. The girls knew (she, they) had to bring coats and hats. Andrew or Keith gives (his, their) report about the Gold Rush today. Joyce and Robert showed (their, his) father the drawing of the Yukon River. The gold prospectors packed up (his, their) supplies and headed toward the Yukon. A man and wife kept a journal of (her, their) travels. Either Claude or his brother hopes to make (his, their) fortune prospecting in the Yukon. Claude’s wife and daughter looked sad as (she, they) watched him leave. The Yukon is noted for (its, their) harsh winters. Rescue workers carried (her, their) equipment to where Ben had fallen. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You will also need to know genres and subgenres for given excerpts or descriptions. Fiction: science fiction, realistic fiction, historical fiction, fantasy Nonfiction: autobiographies, biographies, persuasive essays, informational Folklore: myths, fairytales, tall tales, legends, fable Drama: comedy, tragedy Poetry: ----- You will also read a myth and answer the questions about it and any revision/editing questions about the myth, like we did around the STAAR testing time when we were practicing passages and there were story questions AND revision/editing questions.