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WARM UP 1. Describe how the different blood types affect how blood transfusions can be given. What blood types can give or receive blood with other types? Hardy-Weinberg Equation Hardy-Weinberg Rule • G.H. Hardy – British mathematicican • Wilhelm Weinberg – German doctor • Analyze allele frequencies to see if a population is evolving H-W Equation • p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 – p = A frequency q = a frequency • p+q=1 – p2 = AA q2 = aa H-W Equation • To solve for allele frequencies: – Find frequency of aa organisms • aa freq. = q2 – Square root of q2 = q • q = a frequency –1–q=p • p = A frequency – Compare A and a freq. over time H-W Equilibrium • No evolution is occurring – No mutations, selection, gene flow, genetic drift • Allele frequencies will not change H-W Evolution • Equilibrium requirements are rarely met, so evolution is usually occurring somewhere – Mutation, selection, etc. • Allele frequency is changing WRAP UP 1. Write down the Hardy-Weinberg equation. 2. Describe how Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is different than evolution. WARM UP 1. Calculate the R and r frequency for the handedness trait in the human population, which is about 8% left-handed (the recessive trait). WRAP UP • How do the numbers generated in the Hardy-Weinberg equation show evolution?