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Transcript
Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3.1 Community Ecology Communities A community is a group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time. Oasis Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3.1 Community Ecology Ecological Succession ecological succession: is the gradual replacement of one community with another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors. • There are two types of ecological succession— primary succession and secondary succession. • Primary succession always occurs first! • Primary Succession: when a new substrate (rock), devoid of topsoil or vegetation, is deposited and colonized • Begins with bare rock exposed by geological activity • Pioneer species appear next • Pioneer species: species which colonize previously uncolonized land • Ex. Lichen and grasses • Example: • Forrest Succession • Rock →Grass →Shrubs →Open woods → Dense woods Primary Succession Lava → Rock Lichen or Grass Grasses and Shrubs Open Woods Dense Woods → Stable Community Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems 3.1 Community Ecology A community that forms in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil is primary succession. • Animal succession always follows plant succession • Example: • Flora (vegetation): • Grass → Shrubs → Woods • Fauna (animals): • Pheasant → Grouse → Fox Bog in Minnesota Later Succession of Bog • Climax Community: The stable, mature community that results from little change in composition of species. • What does Michigan’s climax community look like? • Secondary Succession: occurs after a community has been removed but the soil remains intact • May occur at any point after primary succession • Usually occurs after man or nature has changed the community • Example: farming, fire, flood, windstorm Fire New Growth After Fire Gopher Tortoise Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems