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Do Now: Finish up the double replacement lab questions. Turn in when finished Process of Life Depends on Solutions Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried in solution in blood Nutrients from the food we eat (simple sugars, amino acids, water soluble vitamins, etc) are absorbed as particles dissolved in water Fat-soluble vitamins are ingested as part of fatty substances and are stored as fat in the body Urea and other excretory products are water soluble Bones and teeth are primarily composed of insoluble phosphates, which contribute to their strength and durability. Properties of Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solute : substance that is being dissolved (smaller amount) Solvent : what’s doing the dissolving (larger amount) The solute dissolves in the solvent Examples Liquid Solution: 10g NaCl in 100 g H2O Which is the solute? • NaCl Which is the solvent? • H2O http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg Gas Solution 5.0 mL O2 in 1000.0 mL N2 Oxygen is the solute Nitrogen is the solvent *The air we breath is approximately 78% Nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other substances (Argon(Ar), carbon dioxide (CO2), Neon(Ne), Methane (CH4), and Helium (He)) http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/aircomposition.htm Solid Solution 1 gram of carbon in 1000 grams of Iron C = Solute Fe = Solvent Steel is a solution of Fe, C, and various other metals like Ni, Mn, Cr, V, W http://www.ocw.cn/OcwWeb/Civil-and-Environmental-Engineering/1051Fall2003/CourseHome/index.htm Universal Solvent What substance on our planet do you think does the most dissolving? Water (H2O) This is not always true, however water does dissolve most things on Earth. Not all mixtures are solutions! In solutions, you CAN NOT SEE the solute dissolved in the solvent. For example, YOU CAN NOT SEE: Salt dissolved in water Oxygen dissolved in air Carbon dissolved in Steel Solutions can be in the solid , liquid , or gas phase depending on what the solute is being dissolved in. Not all substances can be dissolved into a solution A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be soluble A substance that does NOT dissolve in a solvent is said to be insoluble For example: Salt is soluble in water. Oil is insoluble in water Concentration A concentrated solution has a lot of solute, a little solvent A dilute solution has little solute and a lot of solvent. Exit Card Write your name on the top left of the index card. Answer the following questions without looking at your notes 1. Define solute and solvent 2. What does it mean to be soluble?