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Mechanical Mixture: you can see the different parts Examples: OJ with pulp, cement Solution: when two or more substances combine to form something that looks the same throughout Contains two or more substances, but you can only see one Examples: shampoo, pop, dishwashing soap, syrup, vinegar Solute: the substance that dissolves Solvent: the substance that the solute dissolves in There is usually less solute then solvent in solution In salt water; salt is the solute and water the solvent To tell if something is a mechanical mixtures or solution you can try to separate it using a filter When you increase temperature solubility becomes better This is because at higher temperatures particles are moving faster and there are more spaces between them that solute molecules can fill Example: more sugar will dissolve in boiling water then in room temperature water The amount of solute in a solution Expressed in g/L Example: roundup is a solution of glyphosate and water that is used to kill weeds, it contains 7.0 g/L of glyphosate meaning that there are 7.0 g of glyophosate in 1L of roundup Orange juice can be purchased in a concentrated form where you need to add water, this makes the orange juice more dilute Instant coffee comes in a powdered form, to make a cup you must dilute the powder by adding water Some people add milk (dilute it) to their tea when it is too strong Describes how easily a solute will dissolve in a solvent When a substance will dissolve in a solvent we say it is soluble If a substance will not dissolve it is insoluble Sugar is very soluble in water Rocks are relatively insoluble in water Making sure that water in clean and safe to drink is a huge task Dirty water (mechanical mixture) is separated to produce clear water Chemicals such as chlorine are added to remove bacteria Other substances are added to remove dissolved chemicals Water treatment plants make sure water is safe to drink They can add alum to impure water which makes bacteria, viruses and dirt stick to the alum making them heavy and resulting in them sinking to the bottom, allowing separation Charcoal filters can also be used to clean water Water is boiled and steam is collected As the steam cools it condenses to form pure water Salts, minerals and other impurities like bacteria and viruses that were dissolved in the water are left behind