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Process of Life Depends on
Solutions
 Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried in solution in
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blood
Nutrients from the food we eat (simple sugars, amino
acids, water soluble vitamins, etc) are absorbed as
particles dissolved in water
Fat-soluble vitamins are ingested as part of fatty
substances and are stored as fat in the body
Urea and other excretory products are water soluble
Bones and teeth are primarily composed of insoluble
phosphates, which contribute to their strength and
durability.
Properties of Solutions
 A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or
more substances
 Solute : substance that is being dissolved (smaller
amount)
 Solvent : what’s doing the dissolving (larger amount)
 The solute dissolves in the solvent
Examples
 Liquid Solution: 10g NaCl in 100 g H2O
Which is the solute?
•
NaCl
Which is the solvent?
•
H2O
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg
Gas Solution
5.0 mL O2 in 1000.0 mL N2
Oxygen is the solute
Nitrogen is the solvent
*The air we breath is approximately
78% Nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1%
other substances (Argon(Ar), carbon
dioxide (CO2), Neon(Ne), Methane
(CH4), and Helium (He))
http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryfaqs/f/aircomposition.htm
Solid Solution
1 gram of carbon in 1000 grams of Iron
C = Solute
Fe = Solvent
Steel is a solution of Fe, C, and various
other metals like Ni, Mn, Cr, V, W
http://www.ocw.cn/OcwWeb/Civil-and-Environmental-Engineering/1051Fall2003/CourseHome/index.htm
Universal Solvent
 What substance on our planet do you think does the
most dissolving?
 Water (H2O)
 This is not always true, however water does dissolve
most things on Earth.
Not all mixtures are solutions!
 In solutions, you CAN NOT SEE the solute
dissolved in the solvent.
 For example, YOU CAN NOT SEE:
 Salt dissolved in water
 Oxygen dissolved in air
 Carbon dissolved in Steel
Solutions can be in the solid , liquid , or gas phase
depending on what the solute is being dissolved in.
Not all substances can be dissolved
into a solution
 A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be
soluble
 A substance that does NOT dissolve in a solvent is
said to be insoluble
 For example:
 Salt is soluble in water.
 Oil is insoluble in water
Concentration
 A concentrated solution has a lot of solute, a little
solvent
 A dilute solution has little solute and a lot of solvent.
Exit Card
 Write your name on the top left of the index card.
 Answer the following questions without looking at
your notes
 1. Define solute and solvent
 2. What does it mean to be soluble?