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The Emigration to Medina Muhammad’s Welcome • Muhammad decided to leave Mecca after the death of Khadija and Abu Talib his two biggest supporters. • The journey is called the hijrah and marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar • The prophet was welcomed by Jews and Arabs of Yathrib. • Both groups hoped he would stop a civil war • they renamed the city Yathrib Madinaht unNabit, which means “City of the Prophet.” • Believers in Islam began to call themselves Muslims “those who submit to God’s will. “ Conflict in Medina • Muhammad hoped Islam could win new converts • Some Jewish leaders did not accept that he was God’s last prophet. These leaders were expelled from Medina. • At first Muhammad told Muslims to pray in the direction of Jerusalem, but later changed it to the Kaaba in Mecca. The Return to Mecca • As more people accepted Islam, the Quraysh became hostile towards the Muslims • The Battle of Badr was fought between Muhammad’s army and the Quraysh Muhammad Captures Mecca • In A.D. 630 Muhammad, with an army of 10,000 captured Mecca • The Kaaba was rededicated to the worship of One God. • The idols were destroyed and the Kaaba became the new religious center for all Muslims. The Hajj • Muhammad led the hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca. Every detail of his actions was noted and imitated by his disciples: the rites and ceremonies that he set out became standard Muslim practice.