Download Respiratory System Power Point

The right lung is slightly larger than
the left.
Hairs in the nose help to clean the air
we breathe, as well as warming it.
The highest recorded "sneeze speed"
is 165 km per hour.
The surface area of the lungs is
roughly the same size as a tennis
court.
The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600
kilometres if placed end to end.
We lose half a litre of water a day through breathing.
This is the water vapour we see when we breathe onto
glass.
A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15
times a minute.
The breathing rate is faster in children and women than
in men.
http://video.about.com/
lungdiseases/HowLungs-Function.htm
The Nasal Sinus is surrounded by a lot of capillary beds and
mucous glands. Because it is one of the major entry ways
into the body it has many things to help keep us safe
1. Nose hairs: with the aid of mucous, these hairs filter and trap
debris. The debris that is trapped in this manner is
discharged through the nose.
2. There are many white blood cells here to recognize and
destroy foreign objects.
3. Histamines are released here as an allergic response when
foreign irritants are encountered. This causes runny nose.
This is the common passageway for air and food
This is a flap of tissue that covers the top of the
trachea when swallowing to ensure that food enters
the esophagus and not the lungs.
When the epiglottis is
opened, the air is able to
pass through the larynx
(voice box) and into the
trachea.
The larynx contains the
vocal cords (two tendons
that adjust the pitch of
sounds according to how
taut they are).
When a guy goes
through puberty, his
vocal chords and voice
box (larynx) grow larger,
and begins to stick out
at the front of the throat.
This lump is called the
Adam's Apple.
This is the windpipe.
This passageway is
held open by the
presence of C-shaped
rings of cartilage.
This is a protective
adaptation.
The trachea conducts
air into the bronchi.
•Cilia and mucus filter the
air as it moves through the
trachea.
•The mucous traps the dirt
and other particles, and the
cilia push it to the back of
the throat so we swallow it
into our digestive system
The trachea splits into
two bronchi and
takes the air into
each lung.
These branches also
have cartilage around
them, for the same
reason.
The bronchi conducts
air into smaller
branching
passageways called
bronchioles.
The bronchioles are
branching
passageways that
carry air to its
ultimate
destination, the
alveoli.
These are the blind sac-like
endings at the end of the
bronchioles.
There are approx. 700,000
alveoli in the human lung.
This is the site of gas
exchange. Oxygen leaves the
alveoli and moves into the
blood to be taken around the
body.
Carbon dioxide does the
opposite and is breathed out.
Why are they so special?
1. Each adult lung
contains millions of
alveoli. This
provides lots of
surface area for the
gases to be
exchanged.
2. The walls of alveoli
are only one cell
thick.
Why are they so special?
3. They have stretch
receptors that signal
when the alveoli are full
enough (stretched).
They send a message to
the brain to start
breathing out.
4. They are very moist and
this helps gas exchange.
5. They are covered with a
LOT of blood capillaries
so oxygen and carbon
dioxide can be
exchanged efficiently.
This is a sheet of
muscle that
separates the
chest cavity from
the abdominal
cavity.
When you inhale it
moves down.
When you exhale it
moves up.
These are the bones that are connected to the
vertebral column and sternum.
These are muscles between the ribs, which help to
move the ribs…
1. Up and out when we inhale.
2. Down and in when we exhale.
When the brain realizes there
is too much carbon dioxide in
our blood, it sends a message
to the rib muscles and
diaphragm to contract.
The ribs move up and out, the
diaphragm moves down.
This creates more space in
the lungs and air rushes in to
fill that space.
This is called inhalation.
When the alveoli get too
stretched (full of air), they
send a message to the brain
to stop inhaling.
The brain tells the ribs to
move back down and in, and
the diaphragm moves back
up.
This decreases the amount of
space in the lungs and the air
is pushed out.
This is called exhalation.
See a Working
Respiratory
System:
http://www.smm.org/heart/
lungs/breathing.htm
•Smoking causes lung cancer and
emphysema
•Emphysema causes the alveoli to
lose their elasticity
•People who have respiratory
disease often have heart disease
•There are over 4000 chemicals in
cigarettes
•Smoking also destroys the cilia
lining in your respiratory system
so that dirt and particles can’t be
removed
SMOKING
POSTER CHILD
http://www.tobacc
ofacts.org/poster/
index.html
ANIMATION:
WHAT SMOKING
DOES TO YOUR
BODY
http://www.mydr.co
m.au/default.asp?ar
ticle=4215
Asthma: Over 20 million people have asthma in the US, and it's the numberone reason that kids and teens chronically miss school. Asthma is a longterm, inflammatory lung disease that causes airways to tighten and narrow
when a person with the condition comes into contact with irritants such as
cigarette smoke, dust, or pet dander.
Bronchitis: Although bronchitis doesn't affect most teens, it can affect those
who smoke. In bronchitis, the membranes lining the bronchial tubes become
inflamed and an excessive amount of mucus is produced. The person with
bronchitis develops a bad cough to get rid of the mucus.
Common Cold: Colds are caused by over 200 different viruses that cause
inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. The common cold is the most
common respiratory infection. Symptoms may include a mild fever, cough,
headache, runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat.
Cystic Fibrosis (CF): CF is an inherited disease affecting the lungs. CF
causes mucus in the body to be abnormally thick and sticky. The mucus can
clog the airways in the lungs and make a person more likely to get bacterial
infections.
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the
lungs, which usually occurs because of
infection with a bacteria or virus.
Pneumonia causes fever, inflammation of
lung tissue, and makes breathing difficult
because the lungs have to work harder to
transfer oxygen into the bloodstream and
remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
Although some respiratory diseases like
asthma or cystic fibrosis can't be
prevented, you can prevent many chronic
lung and respiratory illnesses by avoiding
smoking, staying away from pollutants
and irritants, washing your hands often to
avoid infection, and getting regular
medical checkups.