Download SGO REVIEW

SGO
REVIEW
WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS?
Keeping stable INTERNAL
conditions
Keeping a balance
like not too much or too little of
water, food, temperature…
WHAT ARE THE 5 MOST
IMPORTANT ELEMENTS?
C
H
O
N
P
WHAT ARE THE 4 MOST IMPORTANT
MOLECULES IN BIOLOGY?
Proteins (builds you up)
Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA)
Carbohydrates (energy)
Lipids (fat)
WHAT ORGANELLE IS WRIGGLY,
LONG, NEXT TO THE NUCLEUS,
AND DOES NOT HAVE RIBOSOME
DOTS ON IT?
Smooth ER
WHAT ARE BIOLOGICAL
CATALYSTS CALLED?
Enzymes!
WHAT ORGANELLE IS PEANUT
SHAPED WITH WRIGGLES IN IT?
(CRISTAE)
mitochondria
WHAT ORGANELLE IS PEANUT
SHAPED WITH “PANCAKES” IN IT?
(THYLAKOIDS)
chloroplasts
WHAT ORGANELLE IS WRIGGLY,
LONG, FAR FROM THE NUCLEUS, AND
DOES NOT HAVE RIBOSOME DOTS ON
IT? (HAS VESICLES AROUND IT)
Golgi body
WHAT IS THE BOND THAT HOLDS
ONE WATER MOLECULE TOGETHER?
(HOLDS THE 2H TO THE 1O)
Polar covalent (uneven sharing of
electrons)
WHAT BOND HOLDS 2 WATER
MOLECULES TOGETHER (THE H
FROM 1 WATER WITH THE O OF
THE OTHER WATER)
Hydrogen bonds (weak)
C6H12O6 + O2  H2O + CO2
WHAT EQUATION IS THIS?
Cellular respiration
H2O + CO2  C6H12O6 + O2
WHAT EQUATION IS THIS?
photosynthesis
WHAT KIND OF TRANSPORT
USES ATP ENERGY TO CARRY
STUFF ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE
(PUMPS)?
active
WHAT KIND OF DIFFUSION IS
WATER ACROSS CELL
MEMBRANE?
osmosis
C6H12O6 + 6O 2 ------> “MOLECULE A” + 6H2O + 6CO2
WHAT IS MOLECULE A?
ATP
WHAT CAUSES THAT SORE
FEELING IN YOUR MUSCLES
IN THE ABSENCE OF
SUFFICIENT OXYGEN?
Lactic acid
WHAT DO ENZYMES DO TO
REACTIONS?
Speeds it up (by lowering the
activation energy)
WHAT IS THE AMINO ACID FOR
GGG?
glycine
IS RNA SINGLE OR DOUBLE
STRANDED? HOW MANY TYPES ARE
THERE?
Single-stranded
3 types (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
WHAT ARE THE 2 NUCLEIC
ACIDS?
DNA + RNA
WHAT PART OF DNA IS DNA
NAMED AFTER?
Its sugar (deoxyribose)
IN DNA, ADENINE (A) IS
COMPLEMENTARY TO WHICH
NITROGEN BASE?
Thymine (T)
WHAT PHASES OF MITOSIS ARE
THESE CELLS IN?
1anaphase
2. prophase
3. metaphase
4. cytokinesis
5. telophase
WHICH PHASE STARTS IT?
WHICH PHASE ENDS IT?
2 prophase
Starts
4 cytokinesis
Ends it
IN RNA, ADENINE (A) IS
COMPLEMENTARY TO WHICH
NITROGEN BASE?
Uracil (U)
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN DNA SPLICING, DNA
SPOOLING, & DNA EXTRACTION?
Splicing – cutting up DNA into
tiny pieces (by restriction
enzymes)
Spooling – wrapping DNA around
glass rod to observe it
Extraction – removal of DNA from
a living thing
WHAT WAS THE RESEARCH CALLED
USED TO MAP OUT THE GENES ON
OUR 46 CHROMOSOMES
Human Genome Project
WHAT TECHNIQUE IS USED TO
AMPLIFY A SMALL AMOUNT OF DNA
TO LOTS OF IT?
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
IF PARENTS HAVE NORMAL VISION
BUT SON IS COLORBLIND, WHO GAVE
HIM THIS X-SEX-LINKED ALLELE?
Mother bc son has XbY
WHAT ARE THE KIDS’ BLOOD TYPES
IF O IS CROSSED WITH AB?
A or B
THE INABILITY TO ROLL THE TONGUE
IS A RECESSIVE TRAIT. IF TWO
INDIVIDUALS HOMOZYGOUS
RECESSIVE FOR THIS TRAIT HAVE A
CHILD, WHAT IS THE CHANCE THAT
THE CHILD WILL BE ABLE TO ROLL
HIS TONGUE?
0%
Bc parents are “rr” so 100% kids will
be “rr”… so no rolling of tongue
ANALYZE THE OFFSPRING
100% tall
WHAT’S THE ONLY WAY THE
OFFSPRING COULD BE SHORT?
For the kid to
be “tt”, the
parents are
heterozygous
“Tt”, each
contributing a
recessive
allele
WHAT ARE THE 4
POLYSACCHARIDES AND WHAT ‘S
THEIR FUNCTIONS?
Glycogen – stores/supplies sugar for
animals
Starch – stores/supplies sugar for
plants
Cellulose – builds up plant cell walls
Chitin – builds up exoskeleton of bugs
+ fungi
WHAT IS THE ORGANIZATION FROM
“ELEMENT”  “ECOSYSTEM” ?
Elements (CHONP)
Molecules (PENCIL)
Organelles (mitochondria, nucleus…)
Cells (plant, animal, bacteria)
Tissues (epithelial, connective…)
Organs (lung, heart, eye…)
Organ Systems (digestive, reproductive…)
Organism (you, tree…)
Population (people)
Community (you and the tree)
Ecosystem (you, trees, forest, air…)
CONTINUE ON FOR MORE
PRACTICE….
CELLS
What creates ATP energy for the cells?
What allows sensitivity to environmental
stimuli?
What contains information for growth and
development?
What captures energy from the sun?
TISSUES
What does connective tissue do?
What does epithelial tissue do?
What does muscle tissue do?
What does nervous tissue do?
HOMEOSTASIS
What is chemiosmosis?
What is exocytosis?
What is turgor pressure?
What is endocytosis?
ENERGY
What is the sodium-potassium pump
for?
What are sugar channels for?
What are coupled channels for?
What is the proton pump for?
CYCLES OF MATTER
Does carbon come from the sun?!
Describe the water cycle.
Describe the Carbon cycle
Describe the Oxygen cycle.
ENERGY
When does a plant use water?
When does a plant make NADPH?
When does a plant make ATP?
When does a plant make oxygen?
When does C.R. use oxygen?
ENERGY
What is respiration?
What is fermentation?
What is oxidation?
ENERGY
C6 H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P  6CO2 + 6 H2O + MOLECULE A
What is this equation for?
What is “molecule A”?
CELL DIVISION
What process makes a cell that
receives an exact copy of all the
chromosomes present in the original
cell?
What process makes a cell that
receives exactly half the
chromosomes from the original cell?
DNA PROCESSES
CCTAGCT
What complimentary code will be
made in replication?
What complimentary code will be
made in transcription?
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
What causes global warming?
What causes ozone depletion?
What causes acid rain?
EVOLUTION
Why is it beneficial for a population to
be genetically diverse?
Is it more beneficial for a population
to be small or large?
GENETICS / EVOLUTION
What events cause variation within a
species?
EVOLUTION
What is Darwin’s key term that
describes how evolution is due to
adaptations?
Where is Darwin famous for studying?
What species is Darwin famous for
studying?
GENETICS
What does “carrying” the recessive
allele mean?
What are the chances that a
homozygous recessive offspring is
produced if both parents are carriers?
BIOTECHNOLOGY
What is genetic engineering?
How do we use biotechnology to
produce human proteins like insulin?
EVOLUTION
How can we find out how old a fossil is?
What can organisms with traits well
suited to their environment do better
than organisms without these
adaptations?
What are acquired traits/characteristics?
ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION
What is homology?
What is competition?
What is protective coloration?
What is convergent evolution?
EVOLUTION
What does inorganic mean?
What does fossilized mean?
What does mutated mean?
What does vestigial mean?
EVOLUTION
What is geographic isolation?
ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
What is the human population right
now?
What was the Agricultural Revolution?
What was the Industrial Revolution?
How are population trends different in
developed vs developing countries?
ECOLOGY
What % of energy does each trophic level get from the one below
it?
The rest is lost to what?
Why are there more plant organisms than the rest?
Why do the plants have the most energy?
Why are plants the smallest in size (in general)?
ECOLOGY
What relationship is commensalism?
What relationship is mutualism?
What relationship is predation?
What relationship is parasitism?
ECOLOGY
What is primary succession?
What is secondary succession?
What is coevolution?
What is a niche?
ECOLOGY
What are autotrophs?
What are heterotrophs?
What are omnivores?
What are herbivores?
What are carnivores?
What are detrivores?
ECOLOGY
What is the point of a chemical cycle like
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, water?
LIVING THINGS
How do you know something is
living? (list at least 6 characteristics)
CLASSIFICATION
What are the 5 different groups of
living things?
Give an example of each.
Put them in order of proposed
evolution.
CLASSIFICATION
What is asymmetrical symmetry?
What is radial symmetry?
What is bilaterally symmetrical?
BIOLOGY
What is biology the study of?
ECOLOGY
Why are rainforests important?
ANIMAL ANATOMY
What is the puffy part of the
earthworm called?
What is its function?