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FRENCH REVOLUTION Mr. Hardy, Randolph Middle School, 2012-2013 DO YOU HEAR THE PEOPLE SING? • Read the lyrics to the song Do You Hear the People Sing? • Annotate as you read the lyrics. What are you thoughts? What strikes you as important? What do you think the mood of the song is? What is the writer trying to say? • Next, watch this awesome video: – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgQgzKVX9jc – As you watch, look at the visuals. Notice how the people act, dress, react, and do. DO YOU HEAR THE PEOPLE SING? • Answer the following questions: Who are the “people”? Why do you think they are angry? At who are they angry? How do they act upon their anger? What does the phrase “when the beating of your heart matches the beating of the drum” mean? – What do you think is the most impactful line? Why? – – – – – BACKGROUND INFORMATION • Began in 1789, when the US was created • More complex, more violent, and far more radical than American Revolution • A turning point in EUROPEAN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY CAUSES OF THE WAR • Social Inequality – Social class was divided into three estates, or classes – Social Conditions • Conditions of French society – Economic inequalities – Enlightenment Ideas THREE ESTATES Nobility (350,000 people), owned 30%, held leading positions First Estate Second Estate Third Estate Clergy (130,000 people), owned about 10% of land, Commoners (peasants), made up of 75 percent of total population. Owned 35-40 % of land THIRD ESTATE • A Majority of People – Peasants, shopkeepers, craftspeople • Bourgeoisie– middle class, 8% of the third estate, owned 25-30% land – Upset at all the privileges held by people in higher estates FORCES OF CHANGE Enlightenment Ideas - Individual Rights - Democracy Economic Troubles • National government financial collapse – – – – – – Bad harvest slow manufacturing high # of poor people costly wars and aid to the US expensive monarchies High Taxes KING LOUIS AND MARIE ANTOINETTE –King Louis married Marie Antoinette when he was 15 and she was 14 • Antoinette was an Austrian princess • Spent so much money on luxuries she was nicknamed Madame Deficit • French people hated her National Assembly • Versailles, May 5, 1789 • Meeting of all Estates • Problem-> was voting – Each estate would get one vote. (traditional) – 1st and 2nd Estate could outvote the 3rd Third Estate & Tennis Court Oath • Not happy with result- created their own Assembly • Met on June 17, 1789, at a Tennis Court, original place was locked • Made an oath to create a new constitution • King Louis XVI was against this and used force • Rebellions started forming all over France TENNIS COURT OATH STORMING THE BASTILLE • Louis fears a rebellion in Paris – Stations Swiss guards in the city (won’t trust his own men) – The people of Paris see foreign soldiers, hear rumors that Louis will disassemble the National Assembly, and freak out – The people storm the Bastille (a prison in Paris) looking for weapons REIGN OF TERROR • Jacobins (radicals) want France to become a true Republic • 1793: Louis XVI is publicly tried for treason and executed and Marie Antoinette would be executed a few months later REIGN OF TERROR REIGN OF TERROR REIGN OF TERROR • Maximilien Robespierre – Member of the Jacobins – Ruled France like a dictator – Hunted down, tried, and executed enemies of the Revolution REIGN OF TERROR • Closed churches • Mass executions • Suspended civil liberties REIGN OF TERROR • Eventually, members of the National Assembly conspire against Robespierre –He is arrested and executed by guillotine without a trial –Hundreds of Jacobins are hunted down and killed OUTCOMES OF THE REVOLUTION • End of absolute monarchy in France • Republic established with separation of powers 1795 - 1799 OUTCOMES • Republic opposed by Royalists, Jacobins, and others in France –French military controlled riots and rebellions –French General Napoleon rises to power, and will eventually take over France