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Transcript
Notes – Rocks ( Chp 6) Rock- What is it? Classified by how they form, texture & composition a naturally formed solid made of a a mixture of minerals or solid organic matter 3 families of rocks: igneous, Igneous RocksMost common in Earth’s crust means "fire born". Forms from molten material (magma, lava) within the earth that cools, hardens & crystallizes sedimentary, metamorphic 2 types: (based on texture) b. Intrusive formed inside the earth (magma). It usually has large crystals ---cools slowly creating a coarse texture (grainy) ex. granite & gabbro b. Extrusive forms on the earths surface (lava). It usually has small crystals - cools quickly creating a finegrained texture ex. basalt c. Others glass vesicular porphyritic Sedimentary RocksMost common on Earth’s surface Characteristics: 3 types: a. Clastic ( most common) -some cool so quickly, no crystals are formed creating a glassy look ex. obsidian -cool quickly & have gas holes ex. pumice -cool at 2 speeds & have large & small crystals Formed from weathering of rocks into sediments that “cement” & harden together creating visible layering of sediments ( bedding), cracks , ripple marks & fossils. sediments that have been compacted & cemented together. ex. conglomerate, sandstone, shale b. Chemical water containing dissolved minerals evaporates leaving mineral deposits behind. ex. rock salt , gypsum, calcite c. Organic hardening & compression of dead plant & animal remains (fossils , shells) ex. limestone, coal, coquina Metamorphic Rocks- Formed from Igneous & Sedimentary rocks that have been changed by heat, pressure or chemicals deep under the ground. ( metamorphism) Characteristics: has coarse crystalline structure in parallel or distorted colored bands that bend & fold . Very dense. 2 types: ( texture) a. Foliated b. Nonfoliated Rocks that change... limestone (sed) granite (ign) shale (sed) basalt (ign) sandstone (sed) slate (meta) minerals are arranged in wavy alternating bands due to recrystallization or flattening. Has a sheet-like or flaky look ex. gneiss , schist, slate no bands or sheets----blocky looking. Looks to contain 1 mineral type. ex. marble, quartzite ...into metamorphic rock marble gneiss slate schist quartzite schist ROCK CYCLE p. 126 Notes – Rocks ( Chp 6) Rock- What is it? Classified by how they form, texture & composition 3 families of rocks: Igneous RocksMost common in Earth’s crust 2 types: (based on texture) a. Intrusive means " ". Forms from molten material (magma, lava) within the earth that cools, hardens & crystallizes formed has the earth (magma). It usually ex. granite & gabbro b. Extrusive forms . It usually ex. basalt c. Others Sedimentary RocksMost common on Earth’s surface Characteristics: 3 types: (based on formation & composition) a. Clastic ( most common) -some cool so quickly, creating a glassy look ex. -cool quickly & ex. -cool at 2 speeds & have large & small crystals Formed from into sediments that “cement” & harden together creating ( bedding), cracks , ripple marks & ex. conglomerate, sandstone, shale b. Chemical water containing leaving mineral deposits behind. ex. c. Organic hardening & compression of ex. Metamorphic Rocks- Formed from Igneous & Sedimentary rocks that Characteristics: has coarse crystalline structure in parallel or distorted colored 2 types: ( based on texture) a. Foliated minerals are arranged in wavy alternating bands due to ex. b. Nonfoliated no bands or sheets----blocky looking. ex. Rocks that change... limestone (sed) granite (ign) shale (sed) basalt (ign) sandstone (sed) slate (meta) Where did it start? ...into metamorphic rock The Earth consisted entirely as magma, so it is believed the first rocks to form were Igneous Rocks.