Download PLANTS

PLANTS
I mean they do keep you alive!
General Characteristics
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Multicellular
Photosynthesis aka Autotrophic
Eukaryote
All can reproduce sexually
Have cell walls
Fun Facts
• The Energy most organisms needs comes
directly or indirectly from plants
• 12 phyla and more than 270,000 known
species
• Life cycles vary from a few weeks to 5,000
years
• Some less than 1mm in width and some
grow more than 328 feet tall.
Review Photosynthesis
• Carbon dioxide + water  oxygen + sugar
• Light is used as the energy source for the
reaction.
Evolution
• Cyanobacteria endosymbiosis
• All related to – green algae (multicellular
photosynthetic plant-like protist)
• Increased throughout time in the plants
level of complexity
• Could not grow until ozone formed
(protected organisms from UV rays)
Adaptation to Land
• Aquatic environment to land (biggest goal:
how to conserve water)
– Thicker cell walls
– Vascular tissue
– Reproduction without water (spores and
seeds)
– Cuticle
– Stomata
Organization/Structures
• 12 division/phylum classified into 2 groups
• Vascular
– True stems, leaves, and roots (think trees,
flowers, pretty much all other plants)
• Non Vascular
– Short, no true stems, leaves or roots (think
liverwart, moss, etc.)
Nonvascular
• 3 phyla are called bryophytes (16,600
species)
• Usually grow near streams and rivers
• Sexual reproduction needs water to
reproduce (sperm and egg swim)
• Asexual does not
• Rhiziods instead of roots
• Flat broad tissues instead of leaves
Two types of vascular tissue
• Xylem and Phloem
• Xylem – carries WATER and inorganic nutrients
in ONE direction from the roots to the stems and
leaves
• Phloem – carries ORGANIC compounds
(carbohydrates) in ANY direction, depending on
the plants needs.
• Vascular Plants have three kinds of tissue
(dermal, ground, and vascular)
• Vascular tissue helps to provide support,
aquatic plants use water as a support
system.
• Woody tissue – several layers of xylem
• Non-woody = herbaceous
Seedless or Seeds
• Vascular Plants are broken down into 2
groups
• Seedless – example ferns (produce
spores)
• Seeds
Gymnosperm and Angiosperm
• Seed plants are broken down into two
groups
• Gymnosperms – “Naked seed” ex pine
trees : seeds are not in a fruit
• Angiosperms – flowering plants: seeds are
within a protective fruit
Monocots and Dicots
• Angiosperm breaks down into 2 classes
• Monocots – embryo has 1 cotyledon,
typically narrow leaves, long parallel veins,
flowers in multiples of three (grasses,
corn)
• Dicots – embryo has 2 cotyledons, broad
leaves with branching veins, flowers in
multiples of four or five (beans, most trees)
Functions
Draw and label a picture of the types of tissue and
general plant parts pg. 570
– Draw and label a woody stem pg. 575
– Draw and label simple and compound leaves
pg. 576
– Draw and label the differences between
monocot and dicot pg. 574
Use color and include all needed detail!
(homework is not finished)
Identifying Characteristics
• Leaves
• Monocot and Dicot
• Stem types
Basic Plant Reproduction
Alternation of Generations
All plants have a life cycle that involves
two phases