Download Particle Physics in Austria

Particle Physics in Austria
RECFA Meeting, Vienna, March 11, 2011
C.W. Fabjan
ÖAW und TU Wien
Topics
• Research Areas and Groups
- Particle and Nuclear Physics: strength and organization
- Research areas and groups
- Experimental particle physics
- Precision experiments
- Astroparticle physics
- Theoretical particle physics
- Particle Physics at HEPHY and SMI
• Future of Austrian Experimental Particle Physics
• International Collaborations
• Milestones achieved since last RECFA visit in 2004
• Conclusion: critical issues to be tackled
2
BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT AUSTRIA
Population: 8.3 million
GDP per capita: 37 858 US$ (OECD average 33 732 US$) *
Total expenditure for R&D in % of GDP: 2.66% *
Source: http://stats.oecd.org
* comparable
Vienna
Innsbruck
Graz
to Germany
Nuclear, Particle and Astroparticle Physics
• Membership within the Austrian Physical Society (total: 1142)
-
Nuclear and Particle Physics : 22 %
Solid state and material sciences: 21 %
Quantum physics and technology : 20 %
• Experimental activities cover three distinct areas in three rather
distinct organisational units
1) Particle physics at Accelerators: two Institutes of the Austrian Academy of
Sciences
- Institute of High Energy Physics (HEPHY)
- Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics (SMI)
- U of Innsbruck (until 2012)
2) Precision Experiments at ultra low energies: Institute of Atomic and Subatomic
Physics ( ATI) of the Vienna Univ. of Technology (VUT) ; program at SMI
3) Astroparticle physics: University of Innsbruck
- Experimental Nuclear Physics with n-TOF: ATI
• Theoretical Particle Physics/ Phenomenology:
- HEPHY; ATI, Inst. of Theoretical Physics of VUT; U. of Vienna; U. of Graz;
U. of Innsbruck
4
Experimental Particle Physics
Experiment
Physicists
Group
(FTE)
Main Contributions
Physics Emphasis
Accelerator-based Particle Physics
CERN
6
ATLAS
U.Innsbruck
CMS
HEPHY
28
n-TOF
VUT (ATI)
3
Algorithms for Detector
simulation; GRID
Si-Tracker,
Trigger System
Neutron/ charged particle
detectors
Jet physics; B-physics
BSM(SUSY; model-independent
searches) QCD (Quarkonia)
cross sections for astrophysics /
nuclear technology/data evaluation
KEK
BELLE
HEPHY
5
Si-Tracker Readout
CKM Matrix , co-leadership for
CKM Analysis Group
BELLE II
HEPHY
7
Complete responsibility for
Si Vertex Detector (SVD)
BSM (e.g. B →τ ν)
Experimental Particle Physics
Experiment
Group
Physicists
(FTE)
Main Contributions
Physics Emphasis
J - PARC
J – PARC
SMI - Hadrons
X-Ray Detectors, GEM
1,6
Antikaon-nucleus
interactions
DAFNE
SIDDHARTA AMADEUS
SMI - Hadrons
5,4
Cryogenic Target;
X-Ray Detectors, GEM - TPC
Antikaon-nucleus
interactions
GSI
FOPI - DISTO
SMI - Hadrons
1,3
LH2 – target, GEM - TPC
Antikaon-nucleus interactions
Strangeness in medium
FAIR
PANDA
SMI - Hadrons
6,8
Gas Jet target;
Cherenkov; GEM - tracker
Hadron spectroscopy
Hadrons in medium
VERA (Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator)
Accelerator
Mass Spectroscopy
Isotope Research
U.of Vienna
18
3 MeV Tandem Accelerator
Nuclear Astrophysics, reaction
relevant for fission and fusion
reactors; primordeal element
synthesis
Experimental Particle Physics
Experiment
Physicists
Group
(FTE)
Main Contributions
Physics Emphasis
Precision Experiments at ultralow energies
CERN
ASACUSA
SMI-ASACUSA
Microwave equipment;
supercond. 6-pole
5,4
Hyperfine structure of
antihydrogen; Test of CPT
LNGS
VIP
SMI
0,3
Setup; detectors
Test of Pauli Principle
ILL Grenoble
ILL/
FRM II
Superc. spectrometer
PERC
VUT (ATI)
7,5
qBounce
NEUTRAL
(charge of Neutron)
S18
VUT (ATI)
2,9
Neutron resonance spect.
VUT (ATI)
1,2
Neutron resonance spect.
VUT (ATI)
8,4
Neutron interferometer
Precision measurements of
neutron decay; BSM searches
Test of Newtonian Gravity;
higher dimensions
Charge quantization
Test of fundamental
symmetries
VUT (ATI)
Thorium Clock
VUT (ATI)
R&D of ultrastable nuclear clock
Precision determination of
stability of QED
Experimental Particle Physics
Experiment
Physicists
Group
(FTE)
Main Contributions
Physics Emphasis
DETECTOR R&D
CMS@SLHC
HEPHY
5
ILD/AIDA
HEPHY
0,8
Detector R&D for
Particle Physics
SMI
Si-Tracker; Trigger
Si-Tracker; Forward Tracking
Si-Tracker with Trigger-capability;
New Trigger technology
Low-mass Si-Tracker optimisation
of Forward Tracking
Personnel included in SMI Projects
ACCELERATOR R&D
medAUSTRON
medAUSTRON
35 Design, procurement of accelerator components; project management
RECENTLY TERMINATED EXPERIMENTS
ALEPH (Innsbruck); DELPHI, NA48 (HEPHY); Pionic Atoms (SMI); n-TOF (Phase1, VUT(ATI))
Experimental Astroparticle Physics
Physicists
Experiment
Group
FERMI LAT
U.Innsbruck
3
H.E.S.S.
U.Innsbruck
4
infrastructure share
CTA
U.Innsbruck
1
WP lead: CR related physics in Extragalactic systems
(FTE*)
Main Contributions
Physics Emphasis
physics of cosmic accelerators
CR-induced VHE gamma-rays
Theoretical Astroparticle Physics
Group
U.Innsbruck
* FTE since 2009
Physicists
(FTE*)
2
Principal Areas of Research
HE astrophysics; photohadronic interactions; spin structure of proton
Theoretical Particle Physics
Group
Physicists
(FTE)
Principal Areas of Research
U. of Graz
(26)
Lattice QCD, non-perturbative QCD, thermal QCD, perturbative QCD,
hadronic bound states
U. of Innsbruck
(1)
hadronic bound states; proton spin and properties
(17)
Collider and jet physics, precision and perturbative QCD, low energy
hadron dynamics (chiral pT), SUSY phenomenology (LHC and ILC),
neutrino physics, quantum entanglement
(12)
Gravity, non-commutative quantum field theories, matrix models
(27)
QCD at extreme conditions, string theory, quantum gravity,
SUSY, non-commutative field theory, AdS/CFT correspondence
U. of Vienna
(particle physics)
U. of Vienna
(math. physics)
Vienna U. of Technology
(Inst. f. Theoretical Physics)
Vienna U. of Technology
(ATI)
(8)
theory of nuclear reactions;
hadronic bound states
HEPHY
(6)
SUSY phenomenology (LHC and ILC); perturbative QCD
QCD (confinement, bound states)
Experimental Particle Physics
at HEPHY
HEPHY has two primary lines of research
Particle Physics at the leading
Accelerator laboratories
Experimental Methods
Small Theory group
HEPHY aims to have at least two major
Activities in parallel, with a phase delay:
One effort under construction (Belle II)
One effort in physics research phase (CMS)
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Experimental Particle Physics at
HEPHY and SMI
• All of accelerator-based experimental particle physics in Austria is
carried out by these two Institutes of the Austrian Academy of
Science. A small group at Univ. of Innsbruck contributes to Atlas
(until 2012)
• Total personnel at HEPHY (incl students, technicians,
Admin; 3rd party-funded):
68
• Total personnel at SMI (incl students, technicians,
Admin, 3rd party funded):
25
• University lecturing:
- Nine HEPHY and SMI staff are authorized (‘Habilitation’) to
lecture at the U of Vienna and VUT; to supervise Masters and
Ph.D. Thesis
- Strong involvement in lecturing, laboratory sessions, thesis
supervision
- Other staff also participates in lecturing, laboratory sessions
12
HEPHY and SMI: Material budget
• Materials Budgets (and Personnel budgets) supported by
- Academy
- Ministry of Science and Research (BMWF)
- Austrian Science Foundation (FWF)
- EU, other sources
• Major cuts of Academy budget (shift of budget priority to Life
Sciences) with very negative impact on research (e.g.: run Tier-2 at
reduced rate to save electricity..)
In discussion with
the leadership of the
Academy a compromise
was reached for 2011;
Trend must be reverted
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The Future of Experimental Particle Physics
at HEPHY and SMI
• All of accelerator-based experimental particle physics in Austria is
carried out by these two Institutes of the Austrian Academy of
Science. A small group at Univ. of Innsbruck contributes to Atlas
(until 2012)
• Considerable benefits seen from a merger of these two institutes
forming the ‘Institute of Fundamental Interactions‘ of the Austrian
Academy of Sciences
• New Institute is to be located in a new building, to be situated on the
premises of the ‘Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics‘ (ATI) of
the Vienna University of Technology
• The Academy Institute together with the ATI will form the ‘Cluster of
Atomic and Subatomic Physics‘
14
Research at the new
Institute of Fundamental Interactions
The new Institute will be created through the joining of HEPHY and SMI
• Four major research lines will be pursued
- Accelerator-based particle physics with CMS at LHC and Belle II
at KEKB
- Physics of non-perturbative QCD (exotic nuclear matter) at
DAΦNE, JPARC and FAIR
- Development of novel precision experiments relevant to particle
physics; this line is expected to be developed together with ATI
- Experimental methods, which will provide the experimental basis
for this ambitious programme
• With the scientific, technical and administrative synergies a larger
scientific programme (Precision Experiments) will be possible, while
staying within presently planned personnel resources
• The merger of the two Institutes necessarily requires a new building
15
Institute of Particle Physics:
Organisation (HEPHY+SMI proposal)
Matrix: Personnel from several departments works on given projects
Organisation is very similar to other institutes of similar size and does not imply an additional layer
16
Cluster: Institute of Fundamental Interactions associated with
Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics
Physics Cluster of Atomic and Subatomic Physics
Institute of Particle
Physics
High Energy Physics
Atominstitut of VUT
Hadron Physics
Precision Experiments
(Institute of Atomic and
Subatomic Physics)
Expt. Methodology
•
•
•
Develop the substantial potential for intellectual and scientific stimulation and
outstanding scientific, technical (also administrative) synergies
Provides proper match to the outstanding research potential of the new facilities:
LHC, KEKB, FAIR and Precision Experiments
Support of Cluster Concept by the Vienna Univ. of Technology, Univ. Of Vienna, the
City of Vienna and the Federal Ministry for Science and Research
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Example: Research synergies generated by
cluster
QCD Expertise in Vienna/ Austria
•
•
•
Experimental activities, ongoing
- SMI programme
- HEPHY at CMS: Quarkonia
- SMI interests in Belle/ Belle II data
Experimental activities: future and possible developments
- Untapped potential for QCD studies at Belle/ Belle II
- HEPHY Quarkonia expertise (polarisation) could develop into precision
tool to study QGP
- SMI commitment in PANDA
Theoretical activities
- Vienna: HEPHY, VUT (Rebhan et al), U of Vienna (Hoang et al)
- Graz: Alkhofer et al at U of Graz
18
Technological synergies in the Cluster
• Clean room for tests and construction of detectors and precision
experiments
• Electronics laboratory for development and small series construction
of state-of-the-art electronics for poarticle physics experiments
• Construction facilities for large detectors with micron precision
• Cryogenics facilities
• Centre for ultrasensitive analytical studies ; accredited for TXFR
• Mechanical workshop for precision machining
• Excellent computing facilities (world-wide networked (GRID)
Computing)
19
Outlook: Research at the
Institute of Fundamental Interactions
20
Towards the Physics Cluster for Atomic and
Subatomic Physics
• HEPHY and SMI strongly support the merger; they have started to
collaborate
• New research direction planned:
- Precision Experiments at ultra-low energies
• The Physics Cluster for Atomic and Subatomic Physics provides
•
- Innovative response for decade(s) of new research opportunities
- Unique, broad and very topical research programme
- Focal point for research with other institutes in the Vienna area,
particularly also with theoretical groups
- Attractive environment for outstanding scientists
- Stimulating opportunities for student training
- Strong technological base which could lead to important spin-offs
The new Academy Institute of Fundamental Interactions is in the Academy
Development plan; to be submitted for approval in April 2011
21
International Evaluation of HEPHY and SMI
• Academy requested evaluation of HEPHY and SMI by International
Committees in view of future and Cluster plans
• Evaluation on 10. 11. 2010 (SMI), 11.11. (HEPHY);12.11(Cluster Concept)
• Draft report available; final report soon; will become public document
• Key statements
- HEPHY and SMI are two world-class institutes that make major
contributions to the field of particle physics
- Experiments well chosen and matched to the strengths of the institutes
- HEPHY and SMI are major training ground for students; well trained
with opportunities to participate in forefront experiments
- Strongly support and recommend the merger of the institutes and the
Physics Cluster
22
International Collaborations: CERN
• Austrian Users registered at CERN: 132
• Austrians with CERN contracts:
- Staff: 41; Fellows: 11; Technical Doct. Students: 23
• Participation in CERN Teachers Programme: 23 in 2010; need to be
improved through measures on Austrian side
• Industrial return coefficient
• very visible indicator; search for an Austrian ILO
• Membership contribution: 13,9 M€ (2006) rising to 17,9 M € (2010)
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- 50 % of rise due to exchange rate change
Austria-CERN: May 2009 crisis
• May 2009: Science Minister announces intention to negotiate
termination of CERN membership
• Was averted through enormous work by many persons, groups:
- Austrian and international physics community;
- Strong support by Austrian population
- CERN Directorate
- Mobilisation and support of substantial political community
24
Austria-CERN: May 2009 crisis
• Reasons for this crisis: a personal comment
- Austrian HEP community was too isolated (research only at
Academy institutes)
- As a consequence, little appreciation of HEP research in the rest of
the physics community
- HEP was relatively well funded: life was frequently more difficult for
University researchers
• Strategy forward (w.r.t. the Austrian scene)
- Establish solid basis at the universities
- Communicate extensively with the non-HEP physics communities
- Qualify for competitive funding programs
- Demonstrate the quality of research
- Be present in and explain to the public
- Pay permanent attention to these issues: this is an uphill Marathon
Race
25
Austrian Doctoral Technology Programme at
CERN
• Innovative initiative of the Ministry for Science and Research
• Supports 7 to 8 new students for a technology doctoral thesis every
year
• After Austrian pre-selection, candidates are fully integrated in the
CERN selection and supervision scheme (very important!), but paid
with additional funds from Austria
• More than 120 students were formed in this program;
- typical duration 32 months;
- success rate 95 %;
- represents a significant fraction of Austrian Doctoral Thesis in
technological areas; excellent Austrian use of CERN
• Typically 30 % take as first position a job in Austria; fraction
increases for subsequent employment
• Typically 30% get as first position a CERN appointment (e.g fellow).
26
Austrian Doctoral Program
• Personal comments:
- Excellent initiative; very successful
- Useful argument for CERN return; excellence in education ‘sells‘
- Personally, see potential for further structured approach:
- On Austrian side: developing focused collaborations between
an University group and the corresponding CERN group; was
only very partially successful; would increase understanding
for CERN‘s role; and would increase understanding of CERN
personnel of the University world
- On CERN side: more emphasis on academic aspects of the
CERN supervisor; training for ‘new‘ supervisors? Stronger
career recognition of CERN supervisors?
- More generally: can one sharpen CERN‘s role as an Academic
Institution (without competing with Universities)?
- Example: formalise the Academic Training with possibility for
27
credits
The MedAustron Project
•
Construction of an ion-therapy and research centre in
Wiener Neustadt, Austria




•
Proton and carbon ion therapy
1200 patients/year
Related research in radio-biology
radiation physics
Non-clinical research in expt. Particle Physics
White book - Physics Opportunities at MedAustron
and medical
(M. Benedikt, H. Leeb, TU Wien,T. Schreiner, ed. ISBN 978-3-901-1671-4-0)
•
•
Excellent training facility for students
•
Professorship in Radiation Physics and Accelerator Physics to be established
Synchrotron based accelerator complex


Protons: 60-800 MeV, C-ions (12C6+): 120-400 MeV/n, ppm
Extremely fruitful collaboration with CERN


Large (35 FTE) Austrian design team at CERN
Personnel costs of participating CERN experts covered by Austria
28
MedAustron – Austrian Ion Therapy Centre
Overall project timeline
Summer 2008
Start of project planning and team build-up
March 16, 2011
Ground breaking, Civil Engineering starts
September 2012 Start of accelerator installation (sequential)
March 2013
Start of accelerator commissioning (sequential)
Mid 2014
Start of medical commissioning (sequential)
2015
First patient treatment
29
MedAustron – Austrian Ion Therapy Centre
International Collaborations:
Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL)
• Austria is Member state of ILL, within CENI (Central European
Neutron Initiative), together with Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia
• Austria has along-standing tradition at ILL (first demonstration
neutron interferometry in 1974)
• Austrian users at ILL: typically 30 Austrian registered, representing
U. of Graz, Innsbruck, Leoben, Linz, VUT, Austrian Academy of
Sciences
- Extensive use of beam time (factor 2 to 3 above financial share)
- Typically >10 projects active
• Present research activities:
- Precision measurements on neutrons (Fundamental symmetries)
- Fundamental studies of quantum mechanics
- Material studies
• Strong involvement in the European Spallation Source, Lund
30
Co-ordination of nuclear and particle physics
• FAKT = Fachausschuss für Kern- und Teilchenphysik
• FAKT is Section of Nuclear and Particle Physics of the Austrian
Physical Society
• Starting in 2009 FAKT assumes a stronger co-ordination role by
creating a ‘Steering Committee‘, consisting of the heads and deputies
of the various research units; meets four times/ year
• Key areas of activities
- Organization of Annual Nuclear/ Particle Physics Meeting
- Contacts with other sections of the Austrian Phys. Soc. and
Funding Agencies
- Victor Hess prize for best Ph.D. thesis in Nuclear/ Particle physics
- Outreach activities (www.teilchen.at); national co-ordinator
- Collaboration with High School teachers (national co-ordinator)
- Support of students (fellowships; Doctoral programmes)
- Issue of ‘Strategy paper for Nuclear and Particle Physics’ 31
Milestones since 2004 RECFA Visit
• 2004
- E. Widmann appointed director of SMI
- Integrated Initiative on HadronPhysics (EU-FP6)
- start of SIDDHARTA
- start of experiments with antiprotons and CPT test at CERN-AD
• 2005
- ASACUSA proposal for antihydrogen experiment approved
- FAIR Baseline Technical Report approved including PANDA, FLAIR
- VIP experiment approved
- SMI hosts EXA conference (120 participants)
- R. Alkofer appointed Professor for Theoretical Particle Physics
(U. of Graz)
- C. Gattringer appointed Professor for Computational Elementary
Particle Physics (U. of Graz)
32
Milestones since 2004
• 2006
- HEPHY assumes co-leadership of Belle CKM Analysis group
- Hadrons in Vacuum, Nuclei and Stars" (Doktorats-Kolleg) (FWF,
Graz)
• 2007
- J-PARC day-1 experiments approved
- HEPHY hosts VCI (250 participants)
- CMS Tracker installed
• 2008
- SMI hosts EXA/LEAP conference (160 participants)
- CMS and CMS-Trigger commissioned
- HEPHY Exhibition LHC 2008 in Vienna (approx. 6000 visitors)
- Belle (and BaBar) results provide experimental basis for
attribution of 2008 Nobel Prize to M. Kobayashi and T. Masukawa
- A. Rebhan appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics
33
Milestones since 2004
• 2009
- Integrated Iniative HadronPhysics 2 (EU-FP7)
- First LHC Collisions
- HEPHY asked by Belle II collaboration to develop, build SVD
- H. Abele appointed Professor of (Neutron) Physics at VUT
- O. Reimer appointed Professor of (Astroparticle) Physics at
U of Innsbruck
- C.W. Fabjan appointed director of HEPHY and Prof. of
Experimental Particle Physics at VUT (2*2 years)
- Approval of Priority Program of FWF/ DFG for Precision Expts.
- FAKT gets into the act
- Concept of Physics Cluster for atomic and subatomic
physics developed and documented
34
Milestones since 2004
• 2010
- SIDDHARTA-2 partial approval
- Start of 7 TeV LHC operation
- International evaluation of HEPHY and SMI
- ASACUSA produces antihydrogen at CERN
- ILD validated as one of two experiments for further development
- Belle II approved
- HEPHY hosts VCI (260 participants)
- A. Hoang appointed Professor for Theoretical Particle and
Astroparticle Physics
• 2011
- A. Zeilinger leads search committee for joint HEPHY+VUT
succession
- AIDA (FP7)
- Start of construction of MedAustron
35
Conclusions:
issues to be tackled with urgency
• Establish new Institute and Physics Cluster
• Attract a world-class person to assume in a joint appointment
directorship of HEPHY and professorship at VUT
• Increase membership of particle physicists in Academy of Sciences
• Continue improving visibility and recognition in the Austrian Physics
community
• Aim for larger Multiplier in Outreach work
• Listen to advice of Committees: very helpful
Thank you
36