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Plants
Overview of Plants
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Characteristics of all plants
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Multicellular
Eukaryotic cells
Autotrophs
Cell walls made of cellulose
Overview of Plants
Kingdom Plantae
Non-Vascular
Vascular
(mosses)
Seedless
Seed Bearing
(ferns)
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
(pine tree, fir tree)
Dicots
(fruit tree, tomato plant)
Monocots
(grasses, corn)
Overview of Plants
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Vascular tissue – “Tubes” that move water
and nutrients throughout some plants
Non-vascular plants – Plants that do not
contain vascular tissue
Overview of Plants
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Seedless vascular plants – Plants that
contain vascular tissue but produce spores
instead of seeds
Overview of Plants
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Gymnosperm (“naked seed”) – Vascular
plants that may produce seeds in a cone
Angiosperm (“enclosed seed”) – Vascular
plants that produce seeds by flowers
Overview of Plants
Example
Vascular
Tissue?
True
Roots,
Stems,
Leaves?
Reproduce
by
Spores?
Reproduce
by Seeds?
Non-Vascular
Plants
Mosses
No
No
Yes
No
Seedless
Vascular
Plants
Ferns
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Gymnosperm
Vascular
Plants
Pine tree
Yes
Yes
No
Yes, some
produced in
cones
Angiosperm
Vascular
Plants
Fruit tree
Yes
Yes
No
Yes,
produced
by flowers
(rhizoids are
like roots)
Seedless Vascular Plants
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Xylem – The tissues
that transport water and
nutrients up the plant
(from the roots up the
stem and to the leaves)
Phloem – The tissues
that carry food from the
leaves to wherever it is
needed
Angiosperms
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Cotyledon – The leaf
part of an embryo that
is present in a seed;
also called seed leaf
Monocot – Flowering
plant that has only one
cotyledon per seed
Dicot – Flowering plant
that has two cotyledons
per seed
Angiosperms
Monocots
Dicots
Seeds
One cotyledon
Two cotyledons
Leaves
Veins are parallel
Veins are branched
Stems
Vascular bundles are
scattered throughout the stem
Vascular bundles are arranged
in a circle
Roots
Roots are usually fibrous
Usually have a taproot
Flowers
Flower parts are often in
multiples of 3
Flower parts are often in
multiples of 4 or 5
Angiosperms
Angiosperm Reproduction
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Petal – The colored
portion of a flower
Sepal – Small leaves
under a flower
Peduncle – Stem of the
flower
Peduncle
Angiosperm Reproduction
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Male Reproductive
System - Stamen
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Anther – The male
reproductive organ;
produces pollen
Filament – Holds the
anther
Peduncle
Angiosperm Reproduction
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Female Reproductive
System – Pistil
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Stigma – Receives pollen
during fertilization
Style – The slender part
of a pistil, extending from
the ovary to the stigma
Ovary – Female
reproductive organ
Ovule – Reproductive
cell which will become
the seed when fertilized
by pollen
Peduncle
Angiosperm Reproduction
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Perfect flower – Flower that has both male
and female structures
Imperfect flower – Flower that has either
male or female structures
Angiosperm Reproduction
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Complete flower – Flower that has stamens,
pistil, petals, and sepals
Incomplete flower – Flower that is missing
stamens, pistil, petals, or sepals