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Oral cavity Pharynx Liver Esophagus Stomach Gall Bladder Pancreas Large Intestine Small Intestine • Function: Break down food into molecules that can used by cells • Enzymes, acids, hormones, bile aid in breakdown • Sphincters (ring of muscle) separate sections • Nutrients passed into the circulatory system to be distributed in the blood Click pic to play Click pic to play Oral cavity • Mechanical digestion: Teeth grind food • Chemical digestions: Saliva (amylase) begins to breakdown starches • Bolus is created (ball of chewed & moistened food) Click pic to play Pharynx • Epiglottis seals off the trachea • Bolus pushed down the esophagus by the tongue Esophagus • Connects mouth with stomach • Peristalsis: Muscular movement pushes food along – Bolus pushed down the esophagus by muscles Click pic to play Stomach Click pic to play • Function: Prepares food for absorption • Chemical digestion – Pepsin (enzyme) digests proteins – Stomach acids mix • Mechanical digestion – Muscles contract to churn the bolus (~4 hours) • Chyme created: pastelike mixture of food, enzymes, acids • Peristalsis pushes chyme through sphincter Small Intestine • Function: Absorption of nutrients • Duodenum – Chemical digestion: Enzymes from the liver, gallbladder, pancreas released to aid digestion – Mechanical digestion: Muscular contractions mix & churn the chyme • Peristalsis pushes the chyme along • Nutrients absorbed into the capillaries of the s. intestine Click pic to play Liver Gall Bladder • Functions: – 1) Break down toxic chemicals (alcohol) – 2) Produces bile to break down fats • Gall Bladder: Stores bile until chyme moves into duodenum Click pic to play Pancreas Click pic to play • Functions: – 1) Release enzyme into duodenum to break down starches & lipids – 2) Releases insulin into the blood (diabetes) Large Intestine • AKA: Colon • Peristalsis continues to push the chyme • Remaining water is absorbed from the chyme – Undigested material solidifies (feces) • Nutrients from bacteria absorbed • Feces exits the body through the rectum & anus • The liver is labeled which letter? L • K • The pancreas is labeled which letter? L • D L • Which letter begins the process of chemical digestion? • L (salivary glands) • Most nutrients are absorbed at which organ? L • E (small intestine) • Which organ produces bile to help digest fats? L • K (liver) L • Which organ absorbs water from chyme to solidify waste? • F (large intestine) L • Which organ is the location where the gall bladder and pancreas release fluids to mix with the chyme? • I (Duodenum) Label the letters of the diagram L A = esophagus B = I don’t care C = stomach D = pancreas E = Small intestine F = Large intestine G = Rectum H = appendix I = duodenum J = gall bladder K = liver L = salivary glands
