Download - Chautauqua Lake Central SD

Important Organic
Compound Groups
1.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
• Life's main source of Energy
– (used in cellular respiration)
• Include Sugars and Starches
• Made of of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
– (C,H,O)
• The ratio of (H:O) is usually 2:1
– Ex. glucose (C6H12O6), sucrose (C11H22O11)
• Usually end in “ose” ending
– Ex. glucose, fructose, sucrose
Types of Carbohydrates
1. Monosaccharides-Simple or Single
Sugars
2. Disaccharides-Double Sugars
3. Polysaccharides-Starches
Monosaccharides
• Simple Sugars
– Made up of only (C,H,O)
– A single sugar molecule.
– C:H:O ratio- 1:2:1
– Ex. glucose (C6H12O6), fructose (C6H12O6), galactose
(C6H12O6),
• Structural Diagram -“ring shaped”
or
Monosaccharide
Draw into notes
CH2OH
H
C
HO
C
H
H
OH
H
C
H
C
OH
C6H12O6
C
OH
Build one in lab.
Disaccharides
• Double Sugars
– Made up of two monosaccharide
molecules bonded together by
dehydration synthesis.
– Ex. maltose (C12H22O11), sucrose (C12H22O11), fructose
(C12H22O11),
Dehydration Synthesis.
• Building up in which water is produced as
a byproduct.
dehydration
synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
Extras
• *Note: There is always one less water molecule produced
than the number of molecules that are being joined
together.
• A disaccharide is made by linking two monosaccharides
together.
• A polysaccharide is made by linking more than two
monosaccharides together.
• Examples
glucose + glucose [ 1 maltose (disaccharide) + 1 water
glucose + glucose + glucose [ 1 starch (polysaccharide) + 1
water
Remember
• Hydrolysis is the opposite of
dehydration synthesis (reversible reactions)
Hydrolysis
Polysaccharides
• Starches
– Long chains of monosacharides (glucose)
– Made up of three more monosaccharides
molecules bonded together by
dehydration synthesis.
– Ex. See next two slides
Plant Polysaccharides
• Starch - Stored glucose from photosynthesis
• Cellulose – Composition of the cell wall. Humans
cannot digest cellulose. often refer to cellulose as
fiber.
• Starch must be returned to glucose by Hydrolysis
Animal Polysaccharides
• Glycogen - a polysaccharide made of glucose by
animals
• Stored in the liver and muscle tissue.
• Starch must be returned to glucose by Hydrolysis
Tests for Carbohydrates
• Benedicts Solution or Fehlings Solution
– Test for Sugars
– Blue g Green g Yellow g Orange g Brick Red
little sugar -------------------------------------- much sugar
• Iodine
– Test for Starch
– Brown ------------ Blue-Black/Purple
negative ---------------------- positive
Review
1. Monosaccharides-Simple Sugars
2.Disaccharides-Double Sugars
3.Polysaccharides-Starches
Finish carbohydrate lab.