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Ancient Mesopotamia Geography Fertile Crescent Fertile area located in the Middle East Made fertile by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Mesopotamia The land between the two rivers Geography The Rivers Both begin in the Taurus Mountains and end in the Persian Gulf They flood every year and deposit fertile silt Farming Farming was difficult, especially in Southern Mesopotamia, because of droughts and irregular floods Farmers built canals, with gates, to irrigate their fields Grew many fruits, grains, and vegetables Because of mountains and deserts, most people live(d) around the rivers City-States Sumer Is a region located in Southern Mesopotamia Made up of many city-states They invented the wheel, boats, and one of the first systems of writing called cuneiform The king of Kish, named Sargon, expanded his empire and united the city-states He expanded the empire to the North end of the Fertile Crescent The Sumerians traded with many other people City-States Life A in a City-State city-state is a self governing city that rules over surrounding villages People fought for control of the rivers They built walls around their city The people had many gods and worshipped them at a temple called a ziggurat They had a hero named Gilgamesh City-States Babylon In 1800 B.C. Syrian people took over the area around the city-state of Babylon Their king, named Hammurabi, attacked the Sumerians and took over almost all of the Fertile Crescent He made the empire rich and powerful He wrote the world’s first code of laws Under his rule, Nineveh became the capital of Babylonia Judaism Beginnings of the Religion Started in ancient Mesopotamia by Abraham He made the Covenant, or agreement, with God Additional Information The Torah is the Jewish holy scripture Jews left the Holy Land to go to Egypt for food They were led out of Egypt by Moses It’s the first five books of the Bible Born and raised in Egypt and known as the Prince of Egypt Parted the Red Sea and presented the 10 Commandments On the Sabbath, they rest, pray and study Jerusalem is the center of religious and political life Today there are Jews all over the world because of the Diaspora
