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Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent By Mr. Sidler “The Land Between the Rivers” • Tigris and Euphrates Rivers runs through the region of (Southwest Asia). • Land in between the rivers is called “Mesopotamia.” Geography • Land surrounding the rivers is called the “Fertile Crescent.” a large arc of rich, or fertile, farmland (Fertile Crescent) – Borders the Persian Gulf to the (South) and the Mediterranean Sea to the (North) – Also borders the Taurus Mountains, Zagros Mountains and the Syrian Desert. – First Civilization • Hunter Gathers moved into the region and began to farm over time. • First farm settlements formed in Mesopotamia. • Plentiful food led to – Population growth – Villages forming Farming and Cities • Flooding (Positive and Negative) • To solve the flooding problem, Mesopotamians used irrigation (a way of supplying water to an area of land). • Dug canals (human made waterways) • Built up the river banks to stop water levels from rising. (Dirt) Irrigation Food Surplus • Surplus – more than they needed (extra food) • New occupations developed (not everyone needed to be farmers anymore) • Societies could then accomplish more Major Changes • Large projects such as constructing buildings and digging irrigation systems required specialized workers. • To complete these projects, Mesopotamians needed structure and rules. Cities • Settlements developed into cities between 4000-3000 B.C.E. • People traded goods and used cities to discuss politics, religion, etc.