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ACUTUS MENS
“The sharp mind”
2nd Semester
2011
AM #1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define wave.
Give 3 examples of media.
What 2 things can waves travel through?
What does a wave carry?
ANSWERS
1. Periodic disturbance in solid, liquid, or gas as
energy is translated
2. Solid, liquid, gas
3. Space and matter
4. Energy
AM #2
1. What kind of waves require a medium?
2. What kind of waves do NOT require a
medium?
3. What do we call waves that are produced by
a combination of longitudinal and transverse
waves?
4. What is amplitude?
5. What is frequency?
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mechanical
Electromagnetic
Surface
Height of a wave from the rest point
How many waves pass a certain point in a
specified amount of time
AM #3
1. How do we calculate wave speed?
2. What is the relationship between frequency and
wavelength?
3. Differentiate between reflection, refraction, and
diffraction.
4. What is interference? Explain the two types of
interference.
5. What is a standing wave? Give an example.
6. Explain resonance. Give an example.
ANSWERS
1. Wave speed = frequency (f) X wavelength ( ); measured in
hertz
2. As frequency increases; wavelength decreases and vice versa
3. Reflection – bouncing back of a wave; Refraction – bending
of a wave as it changes medium; Diffraction – bending of a
wave around a corner or thru a hole
4. When waves intersect; constructive – waves meet and get
larger (build); destructive – waves meet and break down
(noise)
5. Patterns of vibrations that stimulate a wave making it appear
to stand in place (tire spinning)
6. When 2 objects vibrate naturally at the same frequency
causing objects to vibrate (like base and a car mirror)
AM #4
1.
2.
3.
4.
What kind of wave is a sound wave?
How does sound travel?
In what direction do sound waves travel?
Define a medium.
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Longitudinal
By vibration
All directions
A solid, liquid, or gas
AM #5
1. What are the 3 sections of the ear?
2. What are the 3 bones in the middle ear
called?
3. What is responsible for transmitting sound
electrically to the brain?
4. Predict what may have happened if a person
has lost their hearing (answers will vary).
5. What are the 3 kinds of instruments?
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Outer, middle, inner
Hammer, anvil, stirrup
Cochlea
Answers will vary
Winds, strings, percussion
AM #6
1. What is pitch? How is it related to frequency?
2. What do we call sounds that have a
frequency too high to hear?
3. What happens when a jet breaks the sound
barrier?
4. Describe the doppler effect .
5. Define noise.
ANSWERS
1. How low/high a sound appears to be; high
pitch = high frequency; low pitch = low
frequency
2. Ultrasonic
3. A sonic boom
4. The change in the sound based on the
position of the listener or the origin of the
sound.
5. A sound that consists of a random mix of
frequencies.
AM #7
1. Define loudness. What is the unit used to
measure loudness?
2. How are amplitude and frequency related?
3. What is used to change a longitudinal sound
wave into a transverse wave?
4. What is an echo?
5. What surface reflects an echo the best?
ANSWERS
1. How well a sound can be heard. Measured in
Decibels.
2. Increase amplitude – increase frequency
(decrease wavelength)
3. Oscilloscope
4. Reflected sound wave
5. Hard, smooth
AM #8
1. What is an electronic echo called?
2. What do we call the process of using sound
to locate an object?
3. What medical procedure allows us to “see”
inside the body without surgery?
4. Define a sonic boom.
5. What are the 2 kinds of standing waves?
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sonar
echolocation
Ultrasound
Constructive interference builds up and
creates a sonic boom as a jet breaks the
sound barrier
5. Fundamental and overtones
AM #9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Define sound quality.
Define noise.
What is an electromagnetic wave?
Define radiation.
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
List the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum in
order from longest to shortest.
7. Differentiate between the 2 kinds of reflection.
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Blending of pitches through interference.
Random mix of frequencies (depends on listener).
A wave that is made of electric and magnetic fields that vibrate – does not
require a medium.
Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
All the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation; divided based
on wavelength
Radio Waves – longest; used in radio signals and TV signals; Microwaves – used
in microwave ovens , radar, cell phones, and satellites; Infrared – heat detection,
night vision goggles; Visible Light – very narrow band (the Rainbow – ROYGBIV);
Ultraviolet – produced by sun, causes sunburn, kills bacteria; X-Rays – used in
detection of broken bones and security devices; Gamma Rays – used to kill
bacteria on food and in treatment of specific types of cancers.
Regular – reflection seen when using a flat, plane mirror; Diffuse – reflection
seen when using a contoured mirror (like a fun house mirror).
AM #10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Compare absorption to scattering.
What is refraction? Give an example.
Define diffraction.
What are the three things light can do?
What are the 3 kinds of objects and how do they
relate to light?
6. When we look at an object, what color do we see?
7. What happens to the other colors?
AM #10 ANSWERS
1. Absorption – light particles are absorbed by the object (very little
light is reflected); Scattering – light is largely reflected (like a disco
ball)
2. Bending of a wave as it changes medium; a light beam travelling
through a piece of paper (gas to solid, then back to gas)
3. Bending of light around corners or through a hole (under a door,
etc.)
4. Reflect, Absorb, and Transmit
5. Opaque – absorbs part of light and reflects the rest; Transparent –
transmits light; Translucent – absorbs part and scatters the rest.
6. The color of light that is reflected.
7. They are absorbed.
AM #11
1. What are the three primary colors of light?
2. When the 3 primary colors of light are combined in
equal amounts, what do they create?
3. What is pigment?
4. What are the three primary pigment colors?
5. When the three primary pigments are added
together in equal amounts, what is the result?
6. Compare the primary colors of light to the primary
colors of pigments.
7. Draw a convex and concave lens/mirror.
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Red, Blue, and Green
White light
An opaque substance that reflects and absorbs light.
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow
Black
Light – Red, Green, and Blue – combine to make white light;
Pigments – Cyan, Magenta, Yellow – combine to make black
7. Concave Convex -
AM #12
1. What is a plane mirror?
2. Which type of lens magnifies?
3. Which type of lens make images appear fine and
crisp?
4. What are the 2 most common vision problems?
5. What is the function of the following parts of the
eye: retina, pupil, lens, optic nerve, cornea, iris?
6. Name 3 ways light affects your life (answers will
vary).
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Flat mirror
convex
concave
Nearsightedness and farsightedness
Retina – back of eye, contains rods (black and white) and
cones (color); Pupil – black part of eye where light passes
through; Lens – convex lens that refracts light; Optic Nerve –
flips image right side up and sends signals to brain; Cornea –
provides shape to the eye; Iris – colored portion of the eye.
6. Cameras, Telescopes, Lasers, etc.
AM #13
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are the properties of a magnet?
What are the opposite ends of a magnet called?
What is magnetic force?
Explain how a magnetic field works.
How can a magnet lose its’ magnetic alignment?
(How can you destroy a magnetic field?)
6. How can you create a magnet?
7. How is the Earth like a magnet?
8. Explain the relationship between north and south
poles on a magnet.
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Material that attracts ferromagnetic material.
poles
The push or pull exerted by a magnet.
The area around a magnet where t he magnetic force is
effective.
Striking it very hard, dropping from a very high altitude,
heating it.
Rub a ferromagnetic material on a strong magnet – only
temporary.
Has a magnetic field, made of spinning electrons
Like poles repel, opposite poles attract.
AM #14
1.
2.
3.
4.
How does a compass work?
What happens when you break a magnet?
Give an example of a magnetic light show.
What is generated when charges flow through a
wire?
5. What is the unit used to express the amount of
charge that flows through a wire?
6. What does an electric current produce? What
happens if the current reverses?
7. What can electrical current flow through?
Answers
1. Magnetized needle that aligns itself with the
magnetic pull of the Earth (pointing North).
2. You get 2 new (less powerful) magnets.
3. Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights)
4. Electric current
5. Amperes (amps)
6. A magnetic field; the magnetic field reverses as well.
7. A circuit.
AM #15
1. Define an electric circuit.
2. What are the 3 components to a circuit?
3. Compare a conductor to an insulator and give an example of
each.
4. What happens when you flip a switch?
5. What is resistance?
6. What object is used to help control resistance?
7. Give an example of how resistance is very useful in our lives.
8. Compare a series and a parallel circuit. Use drawings if
necessary.
Answers
1. The closed path through which charges can flow.
2. Energy source, wires, load.
3. . Conductor moves current easily – the electrons are loosely bound.
Copper is an excellent example. Insulator prevents current from moving –
the electrons are tightly bound. Rubber is an excellent example.
4. The circuit closes and the electrons are free to move.
5. The opposition to the flow of a charge.
6. Resistor
7. Prevents electrical fires. Your toaster would blow up with out resistance!
8. Series connects loads in only one path. Parallel connects to loads on both
sides providing multiple paths for current to flow.
AM #16
1. What are the characteristics of a
superconductor?
2. How does an electric motor function?
3. What is a galvanometer?
4. What is an armature?
5. What is the function of a commutator?
6. How does an electric generator work?
Answers
1. No electrical resistance, very efficient, strongly
repels magnets, must be kept very cool.
2. Changes electrical energy into mechanical energy.
3. A device, run by an electromagnet that detects
current.
4. A coil or loop in a motor that provides movement
for a charge.
5. Reverses the direction of a charge.
6. Changes mechanical energy to electrical energy.
AM #17
1. What function does a transformer serve?
2. What is ferromagnetic material and how is it
used in electromagnets?
3. How does an electromagnet function?
4. What is the coil called that is used in an
electromagnet?
5. How can you increase or decrease the
power/strength of an electromagnet?
6. Give an example of an electromagnet.
Answers
1. Speed up or slows down current as it flows through wires.
2. Material made from iron or nickel that is highly attracted to
magnets. It provides the core to an electromagnet.
3. Has 2 poles that act like switches; when attached to an
energy source the ferromagnetic material becomes
magnetized.
4. solenoid
5. ? Increase or Decrease the number of coils in the solenoid or
add a stronger/weaker ferromagnetic material.
6. A crane in a junkyard, but all of your technological devices
contain electromagnets.
AM #18
1. What does the law of electric charges state?
2. How are an electric force and an electric field
related?
3. Describe 3 ways to charge an object. Give examples.
4. What kind of device can detect a charge?
5. Explain static electricity and electric discharge.
6. In relation to electricity, what does it mean to be
grounded?
7. Compare AC to DC.
Answers
1. Like charges repel, opposites attract.
2. An electric force creates an electric field.
3. Friction – rubbing balloon on your head and sticking it to the wall (wiping
electrons); Conduction – building up electrons on your feet and then
touching a metal doorknob (charge transfers by direct contact); Induction
– charge happens when an object is exposed to another charge (Van
Degraff Generator)
4. Electroscope
5. Charge at rest on an object; touching a conducting object (doorknob)
transfers the charge (discharge).
6. Electric current to transferred to the ground via wires.
7. AC – Alternating Current – moves in 2 directions; DC - Direct Current –
moves in 1 direction.
AM #19
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is voltage and how it related to energy?
What unit is used to express voltage?
Why do batteries vary in voltage?
How does resistance factor in with insulators and
conductors?
5. If you wanted maximum voltage what kind of wire
would you want? Does temperature play a part?
6. What does Ohm’s Law state?
7. What unit to we use to measure resistance?
Answers
1. Voltage is the amount of energy needed to push a charge
through a wire
2. volts
3. The vary in need and size.
4. Conductors have low resistance; Insulators have high
resistance.
5. Thick, short wires in a cool setting is ideal!
6. The ratio of voltage to current is constant and referred to as
Resistance.
7. An Ohm - Ω
AM #20
1. Define electric power. What unit is used to
express electric power?
2. One kilowatt (kW) equals how many watts?
3. Give examples of series and parallel circuits.
4. What is a fuse?
5. How are circuit breakers used in our homes?
Answers
1. The rate at which electrical energy is changed into other
forms of energy. (Plug in a lamp and it changes into light and
thermal energy). Unit is the watt (W) or kilowatt (kW).
2. 1000
3. Series – old Christmas tree lights and burglar alarms; Parallel
– circuitry in a home or building
4. Small, thin piece of metal that expands and opens a circuit to
prevent the flow of charge.
5. To prevent electrical fires; a safety net.