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Chapter 7: Renaissance & Reformation (1350 – 1600) Section 3 Explain the religious wars taking place in Europe Religious Wars Armada • Mid 1500s, northern Europe was protestant • Southern Europe was catholic • Monarchies used religion to unite their people • If someone refused to convert their religion of their country they were persecuted • This led to wars among the countries • England under Elizabeth I, became the leader of the protestants • Spain under Phillip II, became the leader of the Catholics • Phillip wanted all of Europe to be catholic • He built the Spanish Armada Armada Armada • Elizabeth prepared for war • 1588, the Spanish Armada attacked • England, however, was able to break through the armada • Spain was defeated and returned back to Spain • The battle gave England respect throughout Europe • Spain was still a powerful nation Huguenots • Most people in France were Catholics • However, a few nobles were protestants – They followed the teachings of Calvin – They called themselves Huguenots • King Francis ordered the persecution of Huguenots • This dispute led to a civil war in France • The outcome made France the first nation at that time to allow two religions Thirty Years War • German states fought over religion • Led to the creation of alliances • The alliances eventually fight a war over the issue of religion • The alliance’s got bigger • Other countries got involved • Outcome of the war – France becomes powerful – Both religions stay alive