Download C7 Revision Earth and atmosphere[1].

Chemistry 1 Revision: C7 Earth and atmosphere
Task 1: Use the revision guide to produce a mini mind map or bullet point summary for the following key areas on this topic.
Task 2: Practise past questions and assess using the mark scheme
Label the diagram showing the structure of the Earth:
Earth’s atmosphere
ammonia condensed bacteria decreased dissolves
energy
fossil fuels increased limestone oceans photosynthesis plants
shells space volcanic eruptions
atmosphere
crust
mantle
core
convection currents
cooled
continental drift
core
dense
different
earthquakes
expert
fossils
land bridges
mantle
no evidence
radioactivity
rocks
shapes
slowly
volcanoes
wrinkled
C…………………………………… d…………………. theory: In 1915 Alfred Wegener
suggested that the continents had once been joined together but then
s………………. drifted apart:
The gases in the Earth’s early atmosphere came from v………………………………..
e……………………………. The gases in the atmosphere changed over time:
carbon dioxide has d……………………………. due to:
 p…………………. / micro-organisms
 absorbed carbon dioxide in p………………………………………
Wegener’s evidence:
• d….………………….. in o…………………
1. s………………….. of continents fit together,
like a jigsaw
• used to form the s…..………………… / skeletons of marine organisms
2. f………………. and r…………. match up when
continents are put together
• locked up as l……………………………………… / carbonates
• locked up as f………………………. f…………………..
oxygen has i…………………………… due to:
Other scientists theories:
 p……………………… / bacteria
1. as hot Earth c…………….. the surface
 releasing oxygen in p…………………………………
w…………………., forming mountains
nitrogen has i…………………….. due to:
2. continents had once been joined by l..……….
 a…………………………… reacted with oxygen
b………………… – explained matching fossils and
rocks
 b……………………………. / micro-organisms release nitrogen
Wegener’s ideas were not accepted at the time because
Water vapour has d………………………………… due to:
• Wegener had n..….. e……………………………….. to explain how continents could move
 as Earth’s temperature cooled, water vapour c………………………………….. and
formed the oceans
• other scientists had d…………………………………….. ideas / views
Life on Earth
• Wegener was not an e……………………. geologist
ammonia
asteroids comets
meteorites
energy
oceans
hydrocarbons
space
lightning
On the early Earth e………….……… from the Sun, volcanoes, or l……………………………
could have formed a ‘primordial soup’: o…………….……. filled with a dilute
Describe what causes the Earth’s tectonic plates to move:
solution of complex organic molecules needed for life (amino acids).
1. R…………………………………….. in the c…………. releases heat energy.
The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that amino acids could be made
2. This makes m………………….. material less d……………….. so it rises
from the interaction of h…………………………….…….., a………………………….. and
3. This causes c……………………………….. c…………………….. in the mantle.
lightning. Other theories suggest that life started in s…………….… and
4. Plates are forced apart or collide together, causing e………………………..……………
was brought to Earth on c……………………, a……………………………………. and some
and v………………………………..
m…………………………………….
Predicting Earthquakes and volcanoes
convection currents crust earthquakes
measure pressure slowly
Separating gases in air (HIGHER ONLY)
forces
where
heat limit
These occur at plate boundaries. H………..…. from radioactive processes in the
core causes c……….……………………. c……………………. in the mantle which make plates
move. Plates normally move s………..….. (a few centimetres per year) but sudden
release of strain energy causes e…………………………. Scientists cannot accurately
predict when earthquakes and volcanic eruptions will occur because they can’t
be certain
boiling points carbon dioxide condenses cooled decrease
expand fractional distillation liquids lower pressure
water
F…………………………………….. d…………………………………….. is used to separate a mixture
of l……………………….. with different b……………………… p………………………
1. Gaseous air is c…………………… below – 200oC so it c………………………… to a liquid –
achieved using high p………………………..
2. Pressure is released so air e………………………. rapidly – this causes
• what is happening under the c……………………….…….
temperature to d……………………… further so c…………………….. d…………………….. and
• w…………..……… the forces / p……………………………….. are building up
w………………. solidify and are removed
• we cannot m……………………………… the forces
3. Liquid air is allowed to warm up, l…………….. boiling point gases boil off first
and are separated
• when the f…………………. reach their l………………