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Changing/Conflicting Attitudes p. 210 More Change • As societies changed, individual and group attitudes and values changed. • Traditional ideas were challenged and some dropped. • Fads and trendy ideas, were tried. Cult of domesticity: * • the ideal woman was the woman who stayed in and managed the home. • Modeled in songs, novels, magazines, slogans “home, sweet home!” • Middle and upper class practice. Temperance Movement • Effort led mostly by American women for a national ban of drinking alcohol. • EC: Reasons (2) • Male drunken violence against women and children • Loss of family income and jobs due to drunkenness. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: • in mid 1840s, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, and she were leaders in – the movement to abolish US slavery – the gaining of women’s rights. Women’s suffrage: • movement to gain right to vote for women • US: Seneca Falls Convention—women and men declare effort to gain women’s suffrage. • Similar movements sprang up in Britain and part of Europe. Sojourner Truth: • African-American woman who spoke out against – mistreatment of Blacks in America • also was a proponent of women’s suffrage. John Dalton: • English Quaker school teacher who expanded ancient Greek ideas about the atom. • He is considered the pioneer of the atomic theory: • All matter is composed of atoms. • After his work physicists and chemists pointed their attention at identifying atoms. Charles Darwin: • British naturalist (biologist). • 1830s, set sail on a governmentsponsored scientific voyage around the world. • In 1859, he published his ideas: –All forms of life, including humans, had evolved (changed slowly over time) into their present state. Charles Darwin: • EC: Adaptation was based on (3) – speed, – strength, and/or – intelligence • What is the idea behind Darwin’s statement, “survival of the fittest” (2) – The fittest live on for generations – They often determine if the weaker survive or not. EC: Social Darwinism* (4) • Is NOT a teaching of Charles Darwin • Using Darwin’s theories, racists explained why certain people were better, superior to others. – Used “scientific” study and “evidence” to prove it. – Most of the data was manipulated, racist, exaggerated, and or false. Racism: • belief that one race is superior to another…..often based on unscientific or manipulated scientific evidence or theory. • “Whites” will use racism to justify taking over lands owned by non-Whites and subjugating the non-Whites to work for them and buy their products – imperialism. Social gospel: • Western Christian movement aimed at social work to improve the lives of those in need, even non-Westerners • EC: Western Christian movement efforts included: (6) – Labor unions – Political parties—promoting reforms in: • Housing • Healthcare • Education – Charities to help poor and sick – Schools – Hospitals End hwk • Begin classwork Standards Check, p. 211 • How had the social order changed by the late 1800s? • Three distinct classes: – Upper – Middle – Lower Infographic, p. 211 • Questions: • 1 How do these images reflect a cult of domesticity? • Show only acceptable activities for women were in the home. • 2 Compare and Contrast the women in these two images. • Similar: – Women are performing domestic activities • Different: – Women shown entertaining and doing everyday chore. Primary Source, p. 212 • She believes that an well-rounded education would • prepare women for the unexpected • make them more independent. Standards Check, p. 212 • What were the arguments against women’s suffrage? • Women were too emotional to vote; • should be protected from politics; • belonged at home, not in public Standards Check, p. 213 • Why did more children attend school in the late 1800s than before? • Fewer children needed in farms or shops; • Middle class families could send kids to school. Image, p. 213 • How does this photo illustrate the changes that had taken place in the British educational system? • Girls also being taught science • Bright, supplied classroom EC: CHEMISTRY • a Russian chemist, organized what was being learned about atoms, into the “periodic table of elements”. –It has grown much larger since he started it. –Dmitri Mendeleev, Geology—Earth Science • EC: ____________ suggested that the Earth was over a million years old. • Charles Lyell • Later research suggested the Earth was over two billion years old, but that life was much shorter than that. Creationism vs. Science • These ideas conflicted – EC: accepted religious explanations that Earth is only a few thousand years since creation by God….. – “Creation Theory”; “Intelligent Design” • Discoveries by anthropologists of prehistoric human bones and cave homes in Neanderthal, in Germany, older than the religious teaching, spurred more research into the origins of human beings. • Tied with Darwin’s ideas, the scientific explanation is called, – “Evolution Theory” Charles Darwin: • He backed up the evolution theory with the idea of _________________ • “natural selection” – Life forms compete with each other for survival – Environment affected survival ability depending on the life forms ability to adapt (change) – Successful life forms passed on the new “traits” to their offspring. Infographic, p. 215 • 1 How did Darwin’s voyage help him develop his theory of natural selection? • Travel let him study different varieties, • This gave him ideas about survival and evolution. • 2 Why would the isolation of Galapagos islands attract scientists such as Darwin? • The isolated species on the Galapagos had to adapt to the environment. • The Islands were a natural laboratory. Standards Check, p. 216 • How did science begin to challenge existing beliefs in the late 1800s? • Research of Lyell and Darwin challenged traditional and Biblical views. Standards Check, p. 216 • How did religious groups respond to the challenges of Industrialization? • They worked for reform and social services Quick Write • Why would religion be against so many of the new scientific ideas during this age?