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habitat half-life haploid hardness hazardous wastes heat engine heat of fusion heat of vaporization heat hemoglobin herbivore heredity hermaphrodite heterogeneous mixture heterozygous hibernation homeostasis hominid place where an organism lives and that provides the types of food, shelter, moisture, and temperature needed for survival. time it takes for half the atoms of an isotope to decay. cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells. measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. waste materials, such as pesticides and leftover paints, that are harmful to human health or poisonous to living organisms. device that converts thermal energy into work. amount of energy required to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase. the amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas. thermal energy that flows from a warmer material to a cooler material. chemical in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to body cells, and carries some carbon dioxide from body cells back to the lungs. animal that eats only plants or parts of plants; mammals with large premolars and molars for eating only plants. the passing of traits from parent to offspring. animal that produces both sperm and eggs in the same body. a mixture which is not mixed evenly and each component retains its own properties. describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait. behavioral adaptation for winter survival in which an animal’s activity is greatly reduced, its body temperature drops, and body processes slow down. regulation of an organism’s internal, life-maintaining conditions. humanlike primate that appeared about 4 million to 6 million years ago, ate both plants and meat, and walked upright on two legs. Homo sapiens homogeneous mixture homologous homozygous horizon hormone host cell hot spot humidity humus hurricane hybrid hydrate hydrocarbon hydroelectricity hydronium ions hydrosphere early humans that likely evolved from Cro-Magnons. solid, liquid, or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout. body parts that are similar in structure and origin and can be similar in function. describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait. each layer in a soil profile—horizon A (top layer of soil), horizon B (middle layer), and horizon C (bottom layer). in humans, chemical produced by the endocrine system, released directly into the bloodstream by ductless glands; affects specific target tissues, and can speed up or slow down cellular activities. living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli. the result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between Earth’s mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock is forced upward and breaks through the crust. amount of water vapor held in the air. dark-colored, decayed organic matter that supplies nutrients to plants and is found mainly in topsoil. large, severe storm that forms over tropical oceans, has winds of at least 120 km/h, and loses power when it reaches land. an offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent. compound that has water chemically attached to its ions and written into its chemical formula. saturated or unsaturated compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. electricity produced from the energy of falling water. H3O+ ions, which form when an acid dissolves in water and H1 ions interact with water. all the water on Earth’s surface. hyphae hypothesis mass of many-celled, threadlike tubes forming the body of a fungus. educated guess using what you know and what you observe.