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Done by: Masoomah Al Zaher Yasmeen Al Zayer Zahra Al Saffar Fatimah AL Zakai Wafa Al Sinan Rehab Al Ghanem Abrar Al Ribeh Fatimah Al Sanna Chemistry is the fundamental science of all the sciences. because chemistry is physics, biology, geology, engineering. Chemistry is very important although it may not be something immediately important in your life. The knowledge you gain slowly through school and university is amazing. Without knowing chemistry you may not know what those chemicals listed in the ingredients in your food are. You may in the future mix household chemicals and get something dangerous, this has happened in the past, and when it does happen you wouldn't know how to best protect yourself. Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among the elements and it exists only as a gas except in extreme conditions. It is used to cool superconducting magnets in MRI scanners. As helium is lighter than air, airships and balloons can be filled with the gas to gain lift. It is used to condense hydrogen and oxygen to make rocket fuel. It can be added to oxygen tanks so that divers can breath more easily. This is especially important for people that go deep diving (over 450 ft below sea level). Used in helium-neon lasers. These lasers can be used to read barcodes. It can be used to detect leaks in high-vacuum and high- pressure equipment. For materials easily contaminated by air, helium is used as a shielding gas in the arc welding process. The age of rocks which contain uranium and thorium can be estimated using helium dating. It is often used as a carrier gas in gas chromatography. It can be used to detect leaks (small fractures) in some vessels Why it’s important ? The hemoglobin in the blood is the most important materials for human life, and iron is an important element of the molecules of this material, is the one who earns the blood the red color. In addition to being responsible for the transfer of oxygen from the lungs to the various tissues of the body and its cells. Studies indicated that two out of five people suffer from iron deficiency . This leads to anemia and lack of focus , tired, pallor, especially in women. Sources: meat, livers animal, kidney, egg yolk, apples, spinach, fresh fruit. When you write with ink on paper, the ink and paper unite in a chemical reaction so that you can't erase it. Specialized inks allow a short period where you can erase some inks, but most inks dry and can't be erased; they have bound with the paper. This includes your pen and your ink jet printer. Medicine: You need to understand basic chemistry so you can understand how vitamins, supplements, and drugs can help or harm you. Part of the importance of chemistry lies in developing and testing new medical treatments and medicines. PH Another benefit of chemistry in our life is producing PH drugs . As what mentioned before chemistry is the central of the sciences , one of the sciences is biology . PH level in our bodies : PH is in our bodies in blood ,stomach etc .. It must be at certain level or if it is less or more it will be harmful and it will be a reason for health issues. If the PH decreases the liquid will be more acidic . PH in blood Normal PH test in blood : 7.35-7.45pH The blood will be more acidic when PH bellow 7.35. Basal blood when PH above 7.45 Acidity in Blood An increase in the production of lactic acid will leads to high blood acidity. In cases of extreme acidity, there is a need to provide emergency treatment, they must add a base substance to blood, and usually doctors will add sodium bicarbonate. If the secretion of hydrochloric acid increased from the stomach will cause an increase of the acidity in the stomach . One of famous medicine or drugs for this problem is Gaviskon Its contains more potassium and less sodium. PH in food : All foods, including fruits and vegetables, have a pH range from zero to 14. High-acid foods have a pH closer to zero. Consuming a large amount of high-acid foods can damage your teeth and irritate your stomach. Produce with a pH closer to 14 are considered basic. Neutral foods range from 5 to 7 on the pH scale. You should balance both acidic and basic foods in your diet Fruits tend to be more acidic than vegetables. Citrus fruits, such as lemons and grapefruits, are very acidic. Nectarines, pears, plums, cherries and apricots range from slightly acidic to very acidic. Fruits that are naturally neutral: include mangoes, red apples, watermelon, peaches and figs. Neutral vegetables include cauliflower, turnips and summer squash. Very few fruits are high in alkaline. Bananas are the best source of a high-alkaline fruit. You have more choices in vegetables if you are looking for high-alkaline foods. Starchy vegetables, such as potatoes and yams, are high in alkaline. Several types of non-starchy veggies are also high in alkaline. Some of these include zucchini, peppers, cabbage, cucumbers and green beans. Chemistry & Environment The changes in the color of leaves is because of chemical reactions. The pollution in the air is a result from chemicals and it has a bad affect in our health so we are chemically affected by the pollution. The reaction the is happening in the sun is chemicals, so the heat the sun is giving us. Chlorine Chlorine is used in the manufacture if many car components, including: nylon for car seatbelts and air bags Purify water Plastics and polymers Solvents Chlorine also plays a critical role in the productions of thousands of commercial products. Products reliant on chlorine’s unique properties include every household item such as bleach, computer hardware, silicon chips and automotive parts. Chlorine is essential in the manufacture of medicines to treat illnesses such as allergies, arthritis and diabetes. In hospitals, chlorine compounds help protect patients from infections through their use in cleaning, disinfection and antiseptics everything around us is powered by batteries. From the television remote to the car to the mobile phone. Without the battery We would have to use long extension wires for anything that needed to move a distance. What batteries made of ? Batteries are small containers filled with special chemicals that can produce electricity. Its made up of three basic parts 1- the cathode, which is the positive terminal a 2-node, which is the negative terminal, 3- the electrolyte, in the centre of the battery. How does a battery work? 1- first, the battery produces electrons on the negative end (or anode) of the battery. This causes a difference between the cathode and the anode since the electrons are only on one side. This leads to an un-stable build up of electrons. 2-In order to get rid of its difference, the electrons in the battery try to rearrange themselves. The electrons repel each other and try to find a place with the least number of electrons. The only place the electrons can travel to in the battery is the cathode, but the electrolyte gets in their way. 3-Therefore, when you connect a wire to both ends of the battery it causes the electrons to rush through it and in the process, its powers up whatever you connect to it. During studying chemistry.. I learned that chemistry is in our body and our body consists of elements.. 96% of the mass of the human body is made up of just 4 elements which are, Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. The remaining 4% is a sparse sampling of the periodic table of the elements. here is a quick rundown, with the percentage of body weight in parentheses. 1-Oxygen(65%) 2-carbon(18%) 3-nitrogen(3%) 4-calcium(1.5%) 5-Phosphorus (1%) 6-Potassium(0.25%) 7-Sulfur (0.25%) 8-sodium(0.15%) 9-Chlorine(0.15%) 10-Magnesium(0.05%) 11-iron(0.006%) 12-fluorine(0.0037%) 13-zinc(0.0032%) 14-copper(0.0001%) 15-iodine(0.000016%) 16-Selenium(0.000019%) 17-Chromium(0.0000024%) 18-Manganese(0.000017%) 19-Molybdenum (0.000013%) 20-Cobalt (0.0000021%)