Download 7.2 Notes - WVHSUSHISTORY

Unit 7—Chapters 12 – 13
The Cold War
CSS 11.8, 11.9, 11.11
Daily Start
• What is the difference between a hot
war and a cold war?
Part Two
The Beginning of the Cold War 11.9.2, 11.9.3, 11.11.2
EQ 2: How did US leaders respond to the threat of Soviet
Expansion in Europe?
Truman and Containment
• The Cold War
• the non-violent
battle between the
USSR and the US for
control of the world
Truman and Containment
• Satellite States
• Soviet troops remained in
Eastern Europe, Asia, and
the Middle East to “help”
restore government order
• USSR wanted a buffer zone
to protect itself from Western
invaders
• Stalin claimed they all wanted
to be communist because
communism is just so awesome
Truman and Containment
• Iron Curtain
• communication
and travel
between eastern
and western
Europe stopped
• term coined by
Winston
Churchill
• Berlin came to
represent the
division between
East and West
Iron Curtain
Truman and Containment
• Truman Doctrine, 1947
• the US heard that communists
might take over Greece and Turkey
• $400 million given to aid Greece and
Turkey economies
• Truman promised financial or
economic aid to any European
nation threatened by communism
• critics said it created a world in
which all nations were forced into
either a pro-American or pro-Soviet
camp
• Containment
• George F. Kennan argued that we
must stop the spread of communism
by standing up to the USSR
Truman and Containment
• Marshall Plan, 1947
• the US sent $12.5
billion in aid to help
western Europe rebuild
• 16 countries used it
including Germany
• like the Dawes Plan after
WWI
• Soviet countries refused
any help, they had their
own system called the
Molotov Plan
Truman and Containment
• Berlin Airlift, 1948
• Stalin closed Berlin to the West
• by closing the borders he hoped to
starve out western Berlin
• Truman ordered supplies airlifted
to West Berlin daily for 231 days
until Stalin backed down
• 277,264 flights in 231 days
• 2,250,000 tons of goods
including food and coal
• 300 tons per day
Truman and Containment
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, 1949
• 12 Western European
nations and the US formed
alliance to check communist
expansion
• Greece and Turkey joined
in 1952
• West Germany joined in
1955
• Warsaw Pact, 1950
• USSR and allies formed their
own “NATO” in Poland
Warm-Up
War that is very fierce and very hot ends either
with death or peace, whereas a cold war
neither brings peace nor confers honor on
those who wage it.- Juan Manuel, Prince of
Villena
I know not with what weapons World War III will
be fought, but World War IV will be fought
with sticks and stones.-Albert Einstein
EQ 2:
• How did US leaders respond to the
threat of Soviet Expansion in Europe?
Daily Start
• The Cold War was the ____________
battle between the _______________
and the ___________ for _________
of the _________________.
• Define containment (in terms of the
Cold War).
• What did the Truman Doctrine aim to
support?
• What does NATO stand for?
Part Two
The Korean War 11.9.2, 11.9.3, 11.11.2
EQ 3: How did President Truman use the power of the
presidency to limit the spread of communism in East Asia?
The Korean War
• Jiang Jieshi v. Mao
Zedong
• China “fell” to communism
under Mao in 1949
• China and USSR became
allies
•Americans felt that
containment was failing
• Jiang Jieshi and the
National government fled to
Taiwan
The Korean War
• 38th Parallel
• North Korea became communist
under the USSR after WWII
• South Korea became a democracy
under Syngman Rhee
• the UN established division at the
38th parallel
• North Korea invaded South Korea
• the Senate consented to send US
troops under the UN to prevent the
“domino effect”
• Douglas MacArthur named UN
commander
June 1950
July 1950
Sept. 1950
June 1951
The Korean War
• Gen. Douglas MacArthur
• MacArthur led UN troops in
Japan to liberate South
Korea
• landed at Inchon
• pushed North Korea back to the
Chinese border
• China sent a million
volunteers to aid North
Korea
• this is when people really
started freaking out
• MacArthur argued for
nuclear attacks on Chinese
ports and bases in
Manchuria
The Korean War
• Limited War
• Truman ordered MacArthur to hold
38th parallel but not to advance
past it
• he even suggested using nukes
along the Yalu River
• MacArthur publicly criticized
Truman’s “limited war”
• MacArthur called the Korean war
“the wrong war, at the wrong
place, at the wrong time, and with
the wrong enemy”
• MacArthur was possibly the most
popular public figure in the nation
and Truman…was really not
• Truman fired MacArthur
The Korean War
• Demilitarized Zone, 1953
• a cease fire was signed between
North Korea and the US under
Eisenhower
• South Korea did not sign it
• technically, they are still at war
• no army may occupy the border
between the two Koreas
• both nations and the US have troops
stationed at the edge of the DMZ
• US Casualties
•
•
•
•
36,516 dead
92,134 wounded
8,176 MIA
7,245 POW[7]
The Korean War
• South-East Asian Treaty
Organization, 1954
• sought containment in Asia,
it dissolved in 1977
• 8 nations joined—Australia,
Britain, France, New Zealand,
Pakistan, the Philippines,
Thailand, and the US
• showed growing commitment
by the US to fight communism
• by 1960, 500,000+ US troops
were stationed around the
globe
• defense was 50% of the budget
EQ 3:
• How did President Truman use the
power of the presidency to limit the
spread of communism in East Asia?
Daily Start
How did the number of nuclear weapons
change in the US from 1945 to 1960?
Why did the US need so many?
US Nuclear Capability
ICBM
SLBM
Bomber
Total
1945
---
---
6
6
1950
---
---
369
369
1960
13
34
6,954
7,000
1970
1,306
4,452
6,465
12,223
1980
2,251
5,914
6,239
14,404
1988
2,593
5,578
6,624
14,795
Part Two
Eisenhower and Brinkmanship 11.9.2, 11.9.3, 11.11.2
EQ 4: What methods did the US use in its global struggle
against the Soviet Union?
Eisenhower and Brinkmanship
• popular as Allied
commander in Europe
during WWII
• defeated Adlai Stevenson
twice in 1952 and 1956
• Nixon became the Vice
President
• believed we should
show strength by
getting as close to war
as possible without war
• brinkmanship meant
never having to go to war
• promised to get us out of
Korea
I Like Ike!!!
Eisenhower and Brinkmanship
• Massive Retaliation
(Dulles), 1954
• the US would answer
any attack with a
larger nuclear
response
• basically, anyone dumb
enough to attack us
would be destroyed
Eisenhower and Brinkmanship
• Nikita Khrushchev
• Soviet Premier 1953-1964
• succeeded Stalin who died
in 1953
• dealt with Eisenhower and
Kennedy)
• tried and failed to build up
Soviet agriculture
• tried to bring American
corn to Russia
• helped keep up the arms
race
We will bury you!!
Eisenhower and Brinkmanship
• U-2 Incident, 1960
• Ike said we do not
spy (just the Soviets
did)
• a US spy plane was
shot down over USSR
• Gary Powers, pilot
• Ike admitted it but
refused to apologize
• Americans sad to hear
that we spied too
Eisenhower and Brinkmanship
• Hungarian Revolt, 1956
• Eisenhower promised aid
to any nation who asked
• Hungary drove soviets
out of Budapest and
waited for aid
• after a month, we had
not helped them and
soviet troops retook the
city
Eisenhower and Brinkmanship
• Eisenhower Doctrine,
1957
• promised economic and
military aid to Middle
East
• helped est. Shah in Iran
(overthrown in 1980s)
• US sent troops to
Lebanon in 1958
• the US Belonged to
CENTO from 1955 –
1979
• Suez Canal Crisis, 1957
Eisenhower and Brinkmanship
• Military-Industrial
Complex
• in 1960, Eisenhower
warned against the
US relying too much
on large defense
contracts for the
economy
• claimed there was a
link between arms
makers and US
military
EQ 4:
• What methods did the US use in its
global struggle against the Soviet
Union?