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ATP Production
A2 Biology
Starter
Complete the definition loop from AS
Level biology
When completed it will form a loop
Example:
respiration
Release of
energy from
organic
compounds
Energy
The Need for Energy:
Metabolism-all the biological
reactions needed for an organism
to stay alive
Metabolism = Anabolism +
Catabolism
Chemical energy is contained in
food
Uses
All living things need a
continuous supply of energy for:
The Flow of Energy:
1)
2)
3)
ATP Structure:
When a phosphate group is
removed from ATP, ADP is formed
and
30.5 kJ/mol of energy is released
This is a reversible reaction:
Reversible reaction
exergonic = release of energy
ATP  ADP + Pi + energy (30.5 kJ/mol)
endergonic = requires energy
ADP + Pi + energy (30.5 kJ/mol)  ATP
The Universal Energy Currency
ATP:
– small
– soluble (can diffuse rapidly around cell)
– high free energy of hydrolysis (a
relatively large amount of energy is
released)
How is ATP Produced?
ATP is produced in the cell in two
ways:
1. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
2. Chemiosmosis
Substrate-Level
Phosphorylation (SLP)
involves the transfer of
phosphate from a high energy
molecule to ADP, with the aid of
an enzyme.
animation
Chemiosmosis
requires a phospholipid bilayer, a
proton pump, protons and
ATPase.
energy from food molecules is
used to pump protons out
through a proton pump (intrinsic
protein). This creates a
concentration of protons (H+)
outside.
ATPase has a channel that allows
for the facilitated diffusion of
protons back in through the
membrane. This activates
ATPase, which in turn catalyzes
the formation of ATP
Animation1
Animation2
Animation3
Mitochondria
How is it
adapted for
ATP
synthesis?
Assignment
Draw an annotated diagram of a
mitochondrion
Draw a diagram to explain the
process of chemiosmosis
Explain how the proton concentration
gradient is maintained