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Name Date Standards What early civilization occupied the Arabian peninsula? What are the origins of Islam, including the teachings of Muhammad, the Qu’ran, and the Sunnah? How did Islam spread? Muhammad Claimed to have met an angel who gave him messages from Allah (Quran) The poor supported him; the wealthy fought against him Accepted him as Allah’s prophet and ruler Created an Islamic state Built an army Made Mecca the holy city of Islam Early Arabia Vocabulary Qur’an Sunnah Mosque Caliph Holy Book The Qur’an Messages that Muhammad said he got from Allah Always read in Arabic for religious purposes The Sunnah- laws and customs that dictate how a Muslim should live. Mecca trading city and religious site Early Arabs worshiped many gods, but most important was Allah, the creator. Vocabulary Jihad Pilgrimage Imam Umayyad Key Beliefs There is one true god Do good deeds and Allah will reward you Muslims accept Jewish prophets including Abraham and Moses and believe Jesus was a prophet Muhammad is the final and most respected prophet Islam means…surrendering to the will of Allah Mostly desert with oases for water Sheikh—head of an Arabian tribe Most Arabs lived in villages near oases or mountain valleys Arabian merchants took goods across the desert Vocabulary Oasis Nomadic Bedouin Caravan Muslim Period Five Pillars of Islam 3 The Spread of Islam Abu Bakr Arabs spread Islam through teaching, conquest, and trade Turks (Asia Minor) and Mogols (India) built Muslim empires in Asia, Africa, and Europe (Spain) The First Four Caliphs Umar Uthman Shiite Did not accept the caliphs who where not blood relatives of Muhammad Believe that the first three caliphs were not legitimate and that Ali was the first “real” caliph Minority of Muslims- most in Iraq and Iran Split of Islam Ali Sunni Feel that any devout Muslims can lead Islam Supports rule of 1st three caliphs Majority of Muslims are Sunni Muslims Label the following (p.182): Arabia, Asia Minor, Africa, Persia Baghdad, Jerusalem, Mecca, Madinah, Constantinople Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea Tigris River, Euphrates River Islam Achievements Achievement Description Algebra Arabic numerals 0-9 Developed the algebra math system used in schools today Astrolabe - Used to determine the location on earth Discovered the earth was round/used for exploration of seas Astronomy Writing The Arabian Nights—tales from India, Persia and Arabia Omar Khayyam—famous Muslim poet—wrote Rubaiyat Architecture No images of Muhammad—used elaborate designs instead Minarets—towers where a call to prayer is announced Famous buildings: the Alhambra & the Taj Mahal Calligraphy Decorative writing into an art form Used to make sayings from the Qur’an into great works of art used to decorate mosques and buildings Picture