Download The Islamic World

Chapter 11 A.D 570- A.D.1250

Objectives
 Describe how geography affected
the people of the Arabian
Peninsula
 Explain how Islam Began
 Identify the main beliefs of Islam



Arabian Peninsula
 Bordered by Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and
Syrian Desert
 Mostly desert
Bedouins
 Arabian Herders that were nomadic
 Leader referred as Sheikh
Coastal



Milder climates to support people & towns
Townspeople were traders
Mecca is a caravan route across the desert

Made a living as a caravan trader

At age 40, called by Allah to be a
prophet and revealed verses for
Muhammad to recite

Mecca merchant feared teachings of
one god would stop the pilgrimages
Kaaba

Muhammad and follower take a
hijrah to Yathrib

After the move to Yathrib, Muhammad gained many
desert tribe followers

Mecca submitted to the teachings after several years of
war

Muhammad destroyed idols in the Kaaba and
rededicated it to Allah

Through wise policies, tolerance, and force, many
converted to new religion Islam






Based on the idea of only one god…must obey God’s
will
Islam translates “submission to God”
Qur’an is the holy book of Islam
Some basic rule to Islam
 Live humble lives, be tolerant & generous, no eating
pork or drinking alcohol
Emphasizes the importance of jihad, the struggle to
defend the faith
Worship at Mosques


no furnishings, images of people , or animals
Only mats to kneel on

The profession of faith



The Five daily Prayers



no god but God Allah
Muhammad is the messenger of
God
ritual of washing and prescribed
movements
Must face the direction of Mecca
Paying zakat

Annual tax to help the poor

Fasting during the holy month of
Ramadan



Eat or drink nothing from dawn to sunset
Reminds them of the importance of self
discipline, dependence on the creator,
and feeling of the poor
Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at
least once

meet to pray & perform rituals to remind
them of the faith of Abraham

Objectives

Explore how the Muslims
expanded their empire

Explain how the Islamic
community divided


Abu Bakr
 was given the title caliph,
“successor to the prophet”
 Brought the Arabic tribes
together & spread Islam
northward
Umar
 Strong leader w/well run
government
 Conquered non-Muslim
territories

Muslim empire spreads to Syria, Persia, and North
Africa

Arab policy





Entered many treaties w/out battle
Tolerant toward other religions
Accept Islam or pay extra taxes
People who refused demands were killed
W/in 100 yrs., Islam spread east to India, west to
North Africa, conquered Mediterranean Sea islands



Infighting over caliph split the Islamic community
 Mu’awiyah or ‘Ali
Sunni
 Means “way of the prophet” or “habitual practice”
 Agreed to accept Mu’awiyah
 Believed that agreement among Muslim people
should settle religious matters
Shi‛ah
 Believed that Ali’s descendants (imams) should
decide religious and worldly matters

Sufi

Muslim mystics who tried to live simple lives
centered on God

Turned away from worldly possessions and success

Believed faith in God marked your worth

General Tariq led Muslim
Army that conquered Spain

The Moors were Muslims
who made Spain their home

Ruled parts of Spain for 700
years




Nomadic people that lived by fighting and
raiding
Settled into present day Iraq
Growing power caused shift away from caliph
to sultan
By 1200 AD, the Turks had seized Syria,
Mesopotamia, parts of Asia Minor, and most of
Northern India

Explain what Muslim society and family life
were like

Identify Muslim achievements in Science

Explain how Islam influenced Arab art and
literature

Location allowed trade with Europe, Asia,
and Africa

Produced silk, cotton, wool, carpets, metal
products

Organized into provinces

Broken into 3 caliphates

Ruled by caliphs in Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba






Family was the core of daily life
Lived according to the Qur’an
Expected to follow Islamic laws in public and
private life
Slavery was common
Arranged marriages with right to refuse for
women
Family and mosque responsible for education







Made advances in the use of herbs, foods, and
prepared drugs
Advancement in techniques of dissection to study
anatomy
Correctly diagnosed diseases and New ideas about
hygiene
Pass examinations to practice medicine
Established 1st school of pharmacy and encyclopedia of
known drugs, preparation and effects
Established concept of the hospital
Al-Razi was the 1st to clearly describe measles and
small pox

Learned new number system from India

Developed Arabic numerals

Used decimals in Arab

Wrote about al-jabor, which became algebra

Spread mathematical ideas to Europe





Religious art does not show human or animal
forms
Uses geometric or floral designs
Mosques designed to show the glory of Islam
and power of the ruler
Mosques designed to house thousands of
followers
A minaret was attached to let a crier call
Muslims to worship



Caliphs were great
patrons of the arts
Writers lived with the
caliphs
The story of
Scheherazade


Stories of Muslim
Folktales
Known as the collection of
The Thousand and One
Nights