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Name
Date
Standards
What early civilization occupied the Arabian peninsula?
What are the origins of Islam, including the teachings of
Muhammad, the Qu’ran, and the Sunnah?
How did Islam spread?
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Muhammad
Claimed to have met an angel who
gave him messages from Allah
(Quran)
The poor supported him; the wealthy
fought against him
Accepted him as Allah’s prophet and
ruler
Created an Islamic state
Built an army
Made Mecca the holy city of Islam
Early Arabia
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Vocabulary
Qur’an
Sunnah
Mosque
Caliph
Holy Book
The Qur’an
 Messages that Muhammad said
he got from Allah
 Always read in Arabic for
religious purposes
The Sunnah- laws and customs that
dictate how a Muslim should live.
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Mecca
trading city and religious site
Early Arabs worshiped many gods, but
most important was Allah, the creator.
Vocabulary
Jihad
Pilgrimage
Imam
Umayyad
Key Beliefs
There is one true god
Do good deeds and Allah will
reward you
Muslims accept Jewish prophets
including Abraham and Moses
and believe Jesus was a prophet
Muhammad is the final and most
respected prophet
Islam means…surrendering to
the will of Allah
Mostly desert with oases for water
Sheikh—head of an Arabian tribe
Most Arabs lived in villages near oases
or mountain valleys
Arabian merchants took goods across
the desert
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Vocabulary
Oasis
Nomadic
Bedouin
Caravan
Muslim
Period
Five Pillars of Islam
3
The Spread of
Islam
Abu Bakr
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Arabs spread Islam through teaching, conquest, and trade
Turks (Asia Minor) and Mogols (India) built Muslim empires in Asia, Africa,
and Europe (Spain)
The First Four Caliphs
Umar
Uthman
Shiite
 Did not accept the caliphs who where not
blood relatives of Muhammad
 Believe that the first three caliphs were
not legitimate and that Ali was the first
“real” caliph
 Minority of Muslims- most in Iraq and
Iran
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Split of
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Islam
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Ali
Sunni
Feel that any devout Muslims can lead
Islam
Supports rule of 1st three caliphs
Majority of Muslims are Sunni Muslims
Label the following (p.182):
 Arabia, Asia Minor, Africa,
Persia
 Baghdad, Jerusalem, Mecca,
Madinah, Constantinople
 Persian Gulf, Red Sea,
Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea,
Caspian Sea
 Tigris River, Euphrates River
Islam Achievements
Achievement
Description
Algebra
Arabic numerals 0-9
Developed the algebra math system used in schools today
Astrolabe - Used to determine the location on earth
Discovered the earth was round/used for exploration of seas
Astronomy
Writing
The Arabian Nights—tales from India, Persia and Arabia
Omar Khayyam—famous Muslim poet—wrote Rubaiyat
Architecture
No images of Muhammad—used elaborate designs instead
Minarets—towers where a call to prayer is announced
Famous buildings: the Alhambra & the Taj Mahal
Calligraphy
Decorative writing into an art form
Used to make sayings from the Qur’an into great works of art used to
decorate mosques and buildings
Picture