Download Primary Motives

A
Presentation
on
Motivation
Types of Motivation
and
Theories of Motivation
Presented By-
Priyanka Nain
Institute of Teacher Training
&
Research (B.P.S.M.V.)
• Look at these pictures and think…
The bird is
putting efforts
to make its nest.
All just because of
MOTIVATION
The student is
studying hard
during exams.
The boy is learning
to cycle even after
getting injured.
• We put efforts because we are
motivated to learn
• Two categories of motives
Primary Motives:
Motives which are linked with basic
primary needs and associated with
biological well being of an individual.
Needs that come under this category:
 Need for food,water and oxygen.
 Needs that are fundamental for
survival
Need to take rest when tired
Need for being active when rested
Need for regular elimination of waste
products from our body
 Need for satisfaction of sexual urge
Secondary Motives:
Motives linked with one’s socoipsychological needs are known as
secondary or psychological
motives.
Needs that come under this
category:
 Need for freedom
 Need for security
 Need to achieve




Need
Need
Need
Need
for
for
for
for
recognition
companionship
self assertion
self actualization
The Motivational Cycle
Need
Tension
Satisfaction
Or
Relief
Activity
Achievement
Of
Goal
Motivated
Behaviour
Reduction
Of
Tension
Types of Motivation
Artificial/Extrins
Natural/Intrins
ic Motivation
ic Motivation
Linked with
natural instincts
Derives pleasure
within the
learning
No functional
relationship to
the task
Source of
pleasure does
not lie within
the task
Goal l is just
pleasure
For instanceI enjoy reading
poetry, so it gives
me pleasure and
in this way I am
naturally
motivated to read
it.
Goal is not
pleasure rather
external rewards
For instanceI am doing B.Ed so
that I can appear
in HTET/CTET
exams, It does
not give me
pleasure, so I am
not naturally
motivated. It is a
means of
attaining desired
goal.
Theories of Motivation
McClelland's Theory of
Needs
o An individual's specific needs
are acquired over time and are
shaped by one's life experiences
o Most of these needs can be
classified as
 Achievement
 Affiliation
 Power
o McClelland's theory sometimes
is also referred as the three
needs theory or as the learned
needs theory.
Achievement
o People with a high need for
achievement (nAch) seek to
excel and tend to avoid both
low-risk and high-risk
situations.
 Achievers avoid low-risk situations
because the easily attained success is not
a genuine achievement.
Achievers avoid high-risk situations because
they see the outcome as one of chance
rather than one's own effort.
o High nAch individuals prefer work
that has a moderate probability of
success, ideally a 50% chance.
o Achievers need regular feedback in
order to monitor the progress of their
achievements.
o They prefer either to work alone or
with other high achievers.
Affiliation
• Those with a high need for
affiliation (nAff) need
harmonious relationships with
other people and need to feel
accepted by other people.
• They tend to conform to the
norms of their work group.
• High nAff individuals prefer
work that provides significant
personal interaction.
• They perform well in customer
Power
• A person's need for power (nPow)
can be one of two types: -personal
-institutional.
• Those who need personal power
want to direct others, and this need
often is perceived as undesirable.
• Persons who need institutional
power (also known as social power)
want to organize the efforts of
others to further the goals of the
organization.
Maslow’s Theory of Self
Actualization
Abraham Maslow in 1954 stated
that human needs tend to
arrange themselves in
hierarchies of prepotency.
o Appearance of one need
depends on the satisfaction of
the other.
o The physiological needs
necessary for survival are at the
o A need that has been satisfied
is no longer a need.
o Behaviour of a person is always
dominated not by his satisfied
needs but by his unsatisfied
wants, desires and needs.
Self
actualization
Self esteem
needs
(competence,
approval,
adequacy etc.
Belongingness and love needs
(affiliation, acceptance,
affection etc.)
Safety Needs
(Security, psychological safety etc.)
Physiological Needs
(Food, drink, rest, sleep etc.)