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Analytical Psychology/ Carl Jung
Dr. AKSHAY KUMAR y Kumar
Positive Psychology
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Life of Jung
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Carl Gustav Jung was born on July 26th 1875 in a
small Swiss village.
Jung was pushed to the ground at age twelve and lost
consciousness,
Jung later began to study medicine but showed
interest in spirituality, leading him to psychiatry.
Jung and Freud
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Jung completed his book Studies in Word Association in 1902 and sent
a copy to Sigmund “
The men's first personal encounter was in 1907, talked more than 12hrs
Freud accepted Jung as his student .
As Jung began formulating his own diverging ideas their relationship
slowly dissolved. Jung began to reject Freud’s emphasis on sex as
behaviour motivation.
During this period Jung became intensely fixated on dreams and
symbols, this period served as a basis for his own psychological
theories.
Outline of Jungian Theory
Jung’s theory centered around the unconscious
converged the psyche into three separate parts.
-EGO: conscious mind.
-PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS: possibility to be
conscious yet presently isn’t. Eg.Memories ;thus being
that they are suppressed but have the potential to be
conscious.
Personal information from a persons.
-COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS: Knowledge we are
all born with effecting our behaviours and emotions
indirectly.
It is a field of consciousness.
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Outline Cont.
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Extraversion\Introversion were both aspects first
popularized by Jung.
Jung believed that all people contain both aspects.
Introvert to be focus inner psychic activity and an extrovert
to be the outside world.
Analytical psychology is another originating from the
ideas of Carl Jung. The aim of this is “wholeness through
the integration of unconscious forces and motivations
underlying human behaviour. This is a theory using the
model that the unconscious mind is a source of healing and
development.
Archetypes
They are the prototypes for all future and
existing functions. Archetypes are out of the
reach of consciousness and cannot be know
directly
 systems of readiness for action
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Archetypes exist within us as potentialities.
Our life circumstances and the life and
culture we are born into will determine in
which unique way which of the infinite
number of potential archetypes are
actualized in our experiences.
(In Yoram Kaufmann, Analytic Psychotherapy, 1979, Current
Psychotherapies, Ch. 3).
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Being: Life force energy, that gives life
Archetypes” Potential patterns of behaviour,
available to all, but may or may not be all
Helping others, potential behavior pattern that
arises
We access archetypes through complexes:
Cultural and personal experiences
Influences
Symbols
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A symbol represents something more than itself. Eg. In theatre, A andle goes
off representing death.
So it needs to be decoded
Symbol creates a response
A symbol has an archetype connected to it, and activates a particular reaction
Eg. Sunrise, symbol of life is going to go on. Mentioned by Victor Frankl
Symbols: Natural and social
Archetypal Pattens/Symbuls Delivered through dreams vs Freuds, disguised
wishes.
Its the dreams job to bring it from Unconscious (Collective or personal) to
Conscious
DREAMS: gives us information/messages
I we try to take that message or suggestion we can improve our lives
Dreams play an important role in development of human being.
Key Concepts
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Anima: unconscious feminine component in men
Jung wrote: ‘Every man carries with him the eternal
image of woman. This image is fundamentally
unconscious, an imprint of all the ancestral
experiences of the female, a deposit of all the
impressions ever made by woman.’
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Animus: the masculine component of women.
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Jung believed that these acted as a guide to the
unconscious self.
Forming conscious awareness would be most
rewarding but gruelingly difficult.
Which he believed explained our attraction to
strangers, we see our Anima or Animus in them.
“love at first sight” as being a projection of the
Anima or Animus.
An example given by Jung was that a man that
never cries and shows aggression has not yet
connected with his Anima.
Persona
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‘The persona is a complicated system of relations between
individual consciousness and society, a kind of mask,
designed on the one hand to make a definite impression
upon others, and, on the other, to conceal the true nature of
the individual.’
‘Society expects every individual to play the part assigned
to him, so that a man who is a parson must not only carry
out his official functions, but at all times and in all
circumstances play the role of parson in a flawless
manner.’
Persona
The persona is the face we show to the outside
world. The word originally meant “actor’s
mask”. The job of this mask is adaptation to
one’s circumstances. We act differently in
different situations.
Jung states: “The persona is that, which in
reality, one is not, but which oneself as well
as others think one is”. (Jung, CW, 9i,
par.221).
Shadow
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The inferior being in ourselves is what Jung calls the
shadow. It consists of all that we are ashamed of and that
we do not want to know about ourselves.
It constitutes part of our personal unconscious, but we also
have an archetypal shadow in the realm of our collective
unconscious. It represents an encounter with evil and
facing it can be a shattering experience.
The shadow of every person has to be firmly grasped and
acknowledged for a person to achieve a state of wholeness.
The individuation process
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Jung wrote: ‘Individuation means becoming a
single, homogeneous being. It also implies
becoming one’s own self. We could therefore
translate individuation as “coming to selfhood” or
“self-realization.”’
Self is both the centre and the totality of the
psyche. It consists of both the conscious ego and
the unconscious and is only constituted once there
is awareness and acceptance of the unconscious
and its shadowy contents by the ego
Individuation
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We spend our lives in 2 phases:
1st: Making our personality and developing
2nd : finding ourselves and realizing Self
Self (Archetypal pattern): Wholeness sorted archived
Individuation. Wholeness and fullness of being
‘S’ is an archetype a representation of God, and none of us will
ever get their fully, but that’s the goal. The point is we are
working towards betterment.
Working towards it
Trying to discover who the real self is. Its a life long journey.
Eg. Search for the holy grail= search for self
If we don't know what our weaknesses are , we will always be
stuck in decision making situations.
People having delusions, hallucinations had
hints of ancient patterns, stories of myths,
Gods and Goddesses.
 He spent a lot of time reading ancient,
history, religion, myths, Latin.
 He recognized patterns of fantasies of
people
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Key Concepts Cont.
Jung believed that there were more to
people than Sexual urges and agression
 He felt there was a need in people to be
connected to something bigger than them=
Spirituality
 Human existence is a mystery: That need of
humans to find meaning to mystery to life
and connect to is the real driving/motivating
force not only sex and aggression.
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AP helped individuals become healthier and
know themselves better
The beginning of Therapy
As a general rule, therapy starts with a thorough
investigation of the patient’s conscious state. Jung
felt that each person had a story to tell and that
you should give them the opportunity to tell their
story. (EX.)
Since the unconscious is viewed as compensatory to
the conscious state, the latter has to be established
first. The same dream, for example, can have
multiple interpretations depending on the
conscious attitude.