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Changes Over Time Chapter 5 Review A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring are called a ___________. species A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(n) adaptation The change of a species over time is called __________. evolution A well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations is called a(n) ___________. scientific theory The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species is called __________. Natural selection The theory that was proposed by Jean Baptiste Lamarck in the early 1800’s that stated that traits developed during the lifetime of an organism could be passed on to its offspring is called _________. The Theory of Acquired Characteristics One way that a new species can evolve is when a land form separates a group of individuals from the rest of its species long enough to evolve different traits. This process is called _________. geographic isolation Any difference between individuals of the same species is called a(n) _________. variation The geographic isolation that occurred on a world wide scale hundreds of millions of years ago and led to the evolution of unique organisms like those found on the continent of Australia is called __________. continental drift The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past is called a(n) __________. fossil Most fossils form in ____________ rock. sedimentary rock Fossils that form when remains are buried in sediment and are changed to rock when minerals soak into the remains are called _______________. petrified fossils Using the Law of Superposition scientists determine whether one fossil is older than another by using _____________. relative dating The process of accurately dating a fossil by determining the ratio of a radioactive element to its more stable form is called ______. absolute dating The millions of fossils that scientists have collected that give important information about the Earth’s past are called the _________. fossil record The calendar of Earth’s history is called the ___________. Geologic Time Scale The largest span of time in the Geologic Time Scale is called ___________. Precambrian Time Humans evolved in what era of the Geologic Time Scale? Cenozoic Era What is the age of the Earth? 4.6 billion years A fossil made of hardened minerals in the shape of the original organism or one of its parts is called a(n) ___________. cast A diagram that shows how different groups of organisms are related is called a(n) _____________ branching tree The __________ of a radioactive element is the amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay. half-life The author of Origin of Species and the theory of natural selection is ________________. Charles Darwin A species is _________ if no members of that species are still alive. extinct When a hard part of an organism buried in sediment dissolves and leaves an empty space, the result is called a _______. mold