Download animal that does not have a backbone

Biology Terms 2
AHSGE
Numbered Flash Cards
Created by Lauderdale County School
District
By Traci Jones and Kerri Young
136. Invertebrates –
animal that does not have a
backbone
137. Isotonic –
when the concentration of two
solutions is the same
138. Lichen –
symbiotic association between a
fungus and a photosynthetic
organism
139. Lipids –
Macromolecule made mainly from
carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes
fats, oils, and waxes
140. Locomotion –
ability to move
141. Mammals endothermic vertebrae characterized
especially by the presence of hair and
mammary glands
142. Mass –

amount of matter in an object
143. Meiosis –

type of nuclear division that occurs
as part of sexual reproduction, in
which the daughter cells receive the
haploid number of chromosomes in
varied combinations
144. Mendel’s Laws –
Law of Segregation-two alleles for a trait
separate when the gametes are formed;
Law of Independent Assortment- states
that the alleles for different genes
separate independently of one another
during gamete formation.
145. Metabolism –
all of the chemical reactions that occur
in a cell during growth and repair
146. Mitochondrion –
membrane-bounded organelle in
which ATP molecules are produced
during the process of cellular
respiration
147. Mitosis –
process in which a parent nucleus
produces two daughter nuclei, each
having the same number and kinds
of chromosomes as the parent
nucleus
148. Monera –
in the previous five-kingdom, the
kingdom that included the
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
149. Monocots –
angiosperm whose seeds have one
cotyledon
150. Monohybrid
Cross -
cross between parents differ by one
trait
151. Multicellular –
organism composed of many cells
usually has organized tissues,
organs, and organ systems
152. Multiple Alleles –
three or more alleles of the same gene
153. Mutagens –
a chemical or physical agent that
interacts with DNA and causes a
mutation.
154. Mutationa change in the DNA sequence that
affects genetic information.
155. Mutualismsymbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
from the relationship; ants and aphids- ants take care of
AAAAA
the aphids and the aphids produce a sweet substance
the ants use for food
156. Native speciesas opposed to exotic species is one
that is original to a particular region.
157. Natural
disasters-
mud slides, earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, tsunamis, tornados,
floods, forest fires, hurricanes
158. Nitrogen cyclethe natural process by which nitrogen, either
from the atmosphere or from decomposed
organic material, is converted by soil bacteria
to compounds that can be assimilated by
plants. This incorporated nitrogen is then taken
in by other organisms and subsequently
released, acted on by bacteria, and made
available again to the nonliving environment.
159. Nitrogen
oxide-
a gas produced by many types of cells
160. Non-native
species (Invasive)a species, often introduced by
humans, that takes hold outside its
native range
161. Nonvascular
plantsthe three groups of plants (liverwort,
hornworts and mosses) that lack
specialized conducting tissues and
true roots, stems, and leaves.
162. Nucleic acidsan organic compound, either RNA or
DNA whose molecules are made of
one or two chains of nucleotides and
carry genetic information
163. Nucleolus
small, dense region within most
nuclei (plural for nucleus) in which
the assembly of proteins begins
164. Nucleusin a eukaryotic cell, a membranebound organelle that contains the
cell’s DNA and that has a role in
processes such as growth,
metabolism and reproduction.
165. Offspringthe product of reproductive processes
in animals or plants
166. Organ systemsone of the levels of organization with in
living organisms; made of organs and
all organ systems make up the
organism.
167. Organellesone of the small bodies that are found
in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are
specialized to perform a specific
function.
168. Organismany living thing
169. Organsa collection of tissues that carry out
a specialized function of the body
170. Ovariesin plants, a flower structure that
contains one or more ovules from
which female gametophytes are
produces; in animals, the female
gonad that produces eggs
171. Oxygen cyclethe cycle whereby atmospheric oxygen is
converted to carbon dioxide in animal
respiration and regenerated by green
plants in photosynthesis
172. Ozone1.
O3; in the upper atmosphere; block the
ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the sun
173. Parasitea type of symbiont that lives in or on
another organism.
174. Parasitism
a symbiotic relationship in which one
organism lives in or on another
organism (the host) and consequently
harms it.
175. Pedigree
chart that shows the relationship within
a family
176. Peptidoglycan
a polymer that is composed of polysaccharide
and peptide chains and is found especially in
bacterial cell walls.
177. Permafrosta layer of permanently frozen subsoil in
the tundra.
178. Permeablehaving pores or openings that allow
gases or liquids to pass through.
179. Impermeablenot permitting passage (as a gas or
liquid) through a substance.
180. Phenotype
physical characteristics of an
organism.
181. Phenylketonuria
(PKU)
an inherited metabolic disorder caused
by an enzyme deficiency resulting in
accumulation of phenylalanine and its
metabolites in the blood causing usually
severe mental retardation and seizures
unless phenylalanine is restricted from
the diet beginning at birth
182. Phosphorusa nonmetallic element of the nitrogen
family that occurs widely especially as
phosphates.
183. Photosynthesisprocess by which plants and some
other organisms use light energy to
convert water and carbon dioxide
into oxygen and high-energy
carbohydrates such as sugars and
starches.
184. Pistilthe stigma, style and ovary of a plant;
female portion of a plant
185. Planktontiny, free-floating organisms that
occur in aquatic environments.
186. Plantaekingdom of multicellular
photosynthetic autotrophs that have
cell walls containing cellulose
187. Pollination
transfer of pollen from the male
reproductive structure to the female
reproductive structure of a plant.
188. Populationsgroup of individuals of the same
species that live in the same area.
189. Precipitationa deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain,
sleet, or snow ; the quantity of water
deposited
190. Predation
interaction in which one organism
captures and feeds on another
organism
191. Predatorone that preys, destroys, or devours
192. Preyan animal taken by a predator as
food
193. Producersan organism that can capture energy
from sunlight or chemicals and use
it to produce food from inorganic
compounds; also called autotrophs
194. Productelement or compound that is
produced by a chemical reaction
195. Prokaryoteunicellular organism lacking a nucleus
196. Propagation
(vegetative
propagation)
growing plants from seeds or other
vegetative parts
197. Protein
synthesis
process of making proteins by using
DNA and mRNA and takes place at the
ribosome
198. Proteinsa macromolecule that contains
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen; needed by the body for
growth and repair and to make up
enzymes
199. Protistakingdom composed of eukaryotes
that are not classifies as plants,
animals, or a fungus
200. Pseudopodia
(pseudopod)-
temporary projection of cytoplasm,
or a “false foot,” used by some
protests for feeding or movement;
amoebas use pseudopodia to move
201. Punnett Squarediagram showing the gene
combinations that might result from
a genetic cross
202. Radial
symmetry
body plan in which body parts repeat
around the center of the body;
characteristic of sea anemones and
sea stars (echinoderms)
203. Rainforesta tropical woodland with an annual
rainfall of at least 100 inches (254
centimeters) and marked by lofty
broad-leaved evergreen trees forming
a continuous canopy —also called
tropical rain forest
204. Reactantelement or compound that enters
into a chemical reaction
205. Recessive
allele-
the allele that is masked by the
dominant allele; only expressed
when each allele inherited from the
parents is recessive; represented by
two lowercase letters (tt)
206. Recombinant
DNA-
DNA produced from combining DNA
from different sources
207. Regenerationin sea stars, the ability to regrow a
missing arm, as long as a part of the
central disk is present
208. Replicationcopying process by which a cell
duplicates its DNA
209. Reproductionthe process by which plants and
animals give rise to offspring and which
fundamentally consists of the
segregation of a portion of the parental
body by a sexual or an asexual process
and its subsequent growth and
differentiation into a new individual
210. Reptilesany vertebrate that has dry scaly
skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs
(eggs laid on land) with several
protective membranes (the amniotic
egg)
211.
Ribosomal RNA-
rRNA- type of RNA that makes up
the major part of the ribosome
212. Ribosome
small particle in the cell on which
proteins are assembled; made of RNA
and proteins
213. Ribonucleic
acid (RNA)-
single-stranded nucleic acid that
contains the sugar ribose.
214. Rootsunderground organ in plants that absorbs
water and minerals; fibrous root-part of a root
system in which roots branch to such an extent
that no single root grows larger than the rest
(grasses have fibrous roots); taproot- primary
root found in some plants that grows longer
and thicker than other roots (carrots are
taproots)
215. Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticuluminternal membrane system in cells in
which lipid components of the cell
membrane are assembled and some
proteins are modifies; it is called
rough ER because ribosomes are
attached to the surface of the
membrane
216. Seed
embryo of a living plant that is
encased in a protective covering and
surrounded by a food supply
217. Self-
pollinationthe pollen (containing the sperm) of a
plant fertilizes the egg of the same plant;
the offspring produced from selfpollination is genetically identical copy of
the parent; self-pollination does not
increase genetic diversity
218. Semi-aridcharacterized by light rainfall;
having about 10 to 20 inches of
annual rainfall
219. Aridexcessively dry; not having enough
rainfall to support agriculture
220. Semi-permeable
membrane
(selectively)-
a membrane that allows some
substances to cross and prevents
other substance from crossing
221. Sex-linked trait
a trait that is determined by agene
found on one of the sex
chromosomes such as the X
chromosome or the Y chromosome in
humans
222. Sexual
reproductionreproduction in which gametes from
two parents unite
223. Sickle Cell
Anemia-
a recessive genetic disorder caused by
a mutated allele that produces a
defective form of the protein
hemoglobin
224. Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
same definition as rough ER except
smooth ER does not have ribosomes
attached to the membrane
225. Solute
substance that is dissolved in a
solvent to make a solution
226. Solutionmixture of two or more substances
in which the molecules of the
substances are evenly distributed
227. Solvent
substance in which a solute is
dissolved to form a solution
228. Speciesgroup of similar organisms that can
breed and produce fertile offspring
229. Spermthe male gamete (sex cell)
230. Spontaneous
generation
hypothesis stating that life could
arise from nonliving matter; this
hypothesis has been disproven
231. Sporesa reproductive cell or multicellular
structure that is resistant to
environmental conditions and that
can develop into an adult without
fusion with another cell; haploid
reproductive cell
232. Stamenthe male reproductive structure of a
flower that produces pollen and
consists of an anther at the tip of a
filament
233. Stomata
(stoma, singular
form)many openings in a leaf or a stem of
a plant that enable gas exchange to
occur
234. Succession
the replacement of a community by
another at a single location over a
period of time
235. Succulentsplants that have fleshy tissue that
hold moisture; cacti are examples of
succulents
236. Surface runoffthe water flow which occurs when soil
is infiltrated to full capacity and
excess water, from rain, snowmelt, or
other sources flows over the land.
237. Symbiotica relationship in which two different
organisms live in close association
with each other
238.
Body symmetry-
the property of being symmetrical ; especially :
correspondence in size, shape, and relative
position of parts on opposite sides of a
dividing line or median plane or about a
center or axis; organisms can have radial or
bilateral symmetry; other organisms may be
asymmetrical (no symmetry)
239. Taiga
(Coniferous forest)
biome in which the winters are cold
but summer are mild enough to allow
the ground to thaw
240. Taxonomythe science of describing, naming,
and classifying organisms; the
taxonomic grouping are kingdom,
phylum, class, order, family genus,
species
241. Tay-Sachs
Disease-
a recessive genetic disorder that
occurs in early childhood; causes
deterioration of the central nervous
system and death; caused by a
defective form of a brain enzyme
242. Deciduous
forests-
relatively mild climate and plentiful rain to
promote the grow of the forest;
predominant trees are those that shed their
leaves in the fall; warm summers, cold
winters and annual rainfall of 30 to 100
inches; commons animals include deer,
bears, beavers, and raccoons
243. Terrestrial
biomes-
biomes that are found on land
244. Testesthe primary male reproductive organ,
which produce sperm cells and
testosterone
245. Thymineone of the four nitrogen-containing
bases found only in DNA; it is
complementary to adenine
246. Tissuesa group of similar cells that perform
a common function
247. Toxicitycontaining or being poisonous material
especially when capable of causing
death or serious debilitation
248. Transcriptionthe process of forming a nucleic acid
by using another molecule as a
template; particularly the process of
synthesizing RNA by using one strand
of a DNA molecule as a template
249. Translationthe portion of protein synthesis that
takes place at ribosomes and that
uses the codons in mRNA molecules
to specify the sequence of amino
acids in polypeptide chains
250. Transpiration
the process by which plants release
water vapor into the air through
stomata; also the release of water
vapor into the air by other organisms
251. Trophic levels
one of the steps in a food chain or
food pyramid; examples include
producers, and primary, secondary ,
and tertiary consumers
252.
Tundra-
characterized by a layer of permafrost;
long, cold, dark winters; low
precipitation; musk ox, Arctic foxes,
caribou, and small rodents are
characteristic animals; average
temperature is -25oC to 5oC
253. Turgor pressurealso called turgidity, is the main pressure of the cell
contents against the cell wall in plant cells. Turgid
plant cells contain more water than flaccid cells
and exert a greater osmotic pressure on its cell
walls; a force exerted outward on a plant cell wall
by the water contained in the cell. This force gives
the plant rigidity, and may help to keep it erect.
Turgor can result in the bursting of a cell.
254. Unicellularcomposed of only one cell
255. Uracilone of the four nitrogen bases that
combines with sugar and a
phosphate group to form a
nucleotide subunit of RNA; uracil is
complementary to adenine and
found only in RNA
256. Vacuolecell organelle that stores materials
such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates
257. Variation (within
species)
divergence in the structural or functional
characteristics of an organism from the
species or population norm or average;
something (as an individual or group)
that exhibits variation
258. Vascular
bundlesplant stem structure that contains
xylem and phloem tissue
259. Vascular plantsplants that contain vascular tissues to
transport water, minerals and nutrients
throughout the plant; contain xylem and
phloem
260. Venationthe arrangement of the veins in a leaf;
net venation looks like a road map (oak
and maple leaves); parallel venation
pattern the veins run parallel to each
other (Dogwood leaf)
261. Vertebratesanimal with a vertebral column or a
backbone
262. Vesicle
a small cavity or sac that contains
material in a eukaryotic cell; forms when
part of the cell membrane surrounds the
materials to be taken into the cell or
transported within the cell
263. Volume
amount of space occupied by an object
264. Warm-blooded
(endothermic)describes the ability of an organism to
maintain body temperature by
producing heat internally; mammals are
endothermic
265. Water-cycle
the sequence of conditions through
which water passes from vapor in the
atmosphere through precipitation upon
land or water surfaces and ultimately
back into the atmosphere as a result of
evaporation and transpiration
266. Wetlandsecosystem in which water either covers
the soil or is present at or near the
surface of the soil for at least part of the
year
Equation for
photosynthesis…….takes
place in the chloroplast in
plants
LIGHT


6CO2 + 6 H2O -------> C6H12O6
 (Reactants)
+
(Products)
6O2
Equation for
Respiration………takes place
in the mitochondria in plants
and animals

C6H12O6 +
(Reactants)
6O2 ------->
6CO2 + 6 H2O
(Products)