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Islam Today: Key terms • Islam: The name of the religion followed by Muslims. Means Peace and submission to God • Muslim: The people who follow the religion of Islam • Allah: The Arabic word for God • Arabic: The language the Qur’an is written in. • Mosque: Islamic Holy building • Ummah: The community or family of Muslims world wide. • Makkah: Holy city • Pacifist: People who refuse to fight in wars Beliefs about: Allah: Muslims believe in only one God. He is neither male nor female. Allah is a force, so cannot be drawn. Prophets: Messengers from God. Muslims believe that Moses from Judaism, and Jesus from Christianity were very important people and were sent by God. Muhammad (PBUH): The last and most important prophet in Islam. Sent by God to bring the Qur’an to the world (Peace Be Upon Him is a sign of respect) Pillar Meaning Shahadah Declaration of Faith in Allah How it affects the community All same religion. Believing the same thing. All promise belief in Allah. All say there is no other God. Makes them become one: same thoughts and feelings about Allah Salah Praying five times a day All pray at the same time and often can be in the same place. Sawm Fasting in the month of Ramadan. No eating, drinking or smoking, during daylight Makes them selfless. Makes them remember parts of the community without food. Everyone knows what it feels like to be hungry. May encourage people to give more to the rest of the community. Party at the end to share with others. Zakah Charity. Give a part of their earnings to the poor. (2.5% of spare income) Makes the poor people feel valued and part of the community. It Keeps people alive and generally helps the poor in the community. Hajj Pilgrimage to Makkah. All have the SAME status as Allah's servants. This is a special They all wear same white clothes. Can't tell religious journey. who's rich or poor Holy Book Allah last Muhammad (PBUH) final cave praying wash hands Highest shelf Qur’an respect The Qur’an How it is treated: • 1) Wash • 2) Highest shelf in the room • 3) On a stand • 4) wrapped up With respect Why: • 1) Keep it clean, symbol of being clean inside and being without sin • 2) Allah and his words are the most important. Symbol of nothing being higher than God • 3) So that it doesn't get dirty • 4) Keep it clean and protect the words of God Word of Allah Interpreting (to find different meanings) the Qur’an Teaching from the Qur’an Possible meaning Way to follow it "And tell the believing women to draw Don't show any • Wear a headscarf. their headcovers over their chests and beautiful part of your • Wear a burqa and not to display their adornment” Surah body to men have whole body and 24 face covered . • Dress in modest ways that don't show certain parts of the body. "You may eat and drink until the white When the sun goes thread of light becomes down, then Muslims distinguishable from the dark thread can eat of night at dawn. Then you shall fast until sunset" Surah 2:187 Sawm: fast in the month of Ramadan. No eating in daylight hours "Righteous are those who…give money cheerfully, to the relatives, the orphans, the needy, the traveling alien and the beggars. Surah 2:177 Zakah: Give part of earnings to poor people (2.5% of spare income) Good people give money to poor people, and they don't care whether they come from other countries Religion and War • Most religions have a type of Just War Theory Islam • Only allowed in self-defence and to protect the country – Wars should not be started • Must be a last resort (every other way to resolve/fix the problem should have been tried first) – To prevent unnecessary suffering • War must not be to try and capture other people’s land – This isn’t a fair use of power and causes suffering • It must not be used to force other people to become Muslims – Allah will consider and judge people’s beliefs. It isn’t the job of people. Also, they aren’t true beliefs if they haven’t been freely chosen • Must not be fought out of hatred or anger – Calm ways of making peace must have happened first. People can make the wrong decision when they’re angry • Must not cause harm to innocent people – Lives are precious. It cannot be self-defence if innocent people are getting hurt Should religious people fight in war? Yes: • As long as they follow the rules in the Just War Theory • Sometimes fighting is needed to protect innocent people – Religious people can fight then because it’s a way of protecting God’s people like in WWII • Muhammad (PBUH) was given permission by Allah to fight in self-defence (after being attacked many times) • Fight in the cause of Allah against those who fight against you, but do not transgress limits. Lo! Allah loves not aggressors...“ – Allah said that you can fight back, but only in self-defence No: • It cannot be just (fair) because innocent people always end up getting hurt • Allah said not to fight. Killing just one person is the same as killing the whole of mankind. Even one death is bad • Allah’s job to judge people, it’s not the job of soldiers and people to make decisions about who deserves to die • Allah gives and takes life • Christians believe that God made everyone to be like Him. Taking a life hurts God Jewish response to the Holocaust The Old Testament shows Abraham making a covenant (deal/promise/contract) with God: Abraham is the father/founder of Judaism. The covenant was a deal made between Abraham and God. God promised Abraham many descendants, a land (Israel) and to always look after the Jews. Jewish response to the Holocaust: Key words/ideas Anti-Semitism Ghetto Scapegoat Propaganda Final Solution Shabbat Synagogue Hatred of Jews Poor parts of the city where the Jews were forced to live Being blamed for something that was nothing to do with you Media used to spread hateful lies The plan to murder all the Jews in Europe Jewish Holy Day. A day of rest. No working from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. Jewish Holy Building Anti-Semitism and propaganda • Before WW2 Hitler introduced a series of laws which encouraged people to stop associating with the Jews, and made life unpleasant for them. These were the Nuremberg Laws that started in 1933. – They affected shopping, work, children, citizenship (about belonging to the community) and basic rights • There had been anti-Semitism for years: from the days of Christianity when some Jewish people were blamed for the death of Jesus, to more recent events. • After WW1 the Germans used the Jews as a scapegoat and blamed them for the country being poor and for losing WW1 Propaganda: The Nazis published posters full of lies that made the Germans turn on the Jews Anti-Semitism: The Nuremberg Laws Marriages between Jews and nonJews were declared illegal and there could be no relationships between Jews and non-Jews Jews must give all camera, binoculars, telescopes, electrical equipment, bicycles, typewriters and records to the government Jews can be evicted (thrown out of their home) without any notice All Jews must have a ‘J’ stamped on their passports Jews were banned from using soap Jews are not allowed to work for councils or local authorities Jewish doctors weren’t allowed to be doctors anymore Jews cannot use public transport in rush hour and can only sit if no one else is standing Jews were banned from running businesses Jews cannot vote in any elections The exam format • You will be given a meaning or definition and asked to choose the piece of subject terminology that best fits it e.g. What word best describes a follower of Judaism? a)Hindu b) Jew c) Sikh d) Christian [1 mark] • You will be asked to give two beliefs/ideas about something. e.g. Give two examples of Holy Books [2 marks] (State what they are, and not explain them) • You will be asked to explain beliefs or teachings e.g. Explain two teachings about charity Refer to scripture or sacred writing in your answer [5 marks] (Give the teaching/ belief, then say what it means. Say what Holy Book it is in) • You will be given a statement and asked to evaluate it e.g. e.g. “All Muslim women should wear the veil” [12 marks] (Give reasons why this is correct and why this is incorrect. Include some religious reasons/examples. Then decide if the statement is true)