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Islam Today: Key terms
• Islam: The name of the
religion followed by
Muslims. Means Peace and
submission to God
• Muslim: The people who
follow the religion of Islam
• Allah: The Arabic word for
God
• Arabic: The language the
Qur’an is written in.
• Mosque: Islamic Holy
building
• Ummah: The community or
family of Muslims world
wide.
• Makkah: Holy city
Beliefs about:
Allah: Muslims believe in only
one God. He is neither male
nor female. Allah is a force, so
cannot be drawn.
Prophets: Messengers from.
Muslims believe that Moses
from Judaism, and Jesus from
Christianity were very
important people and were
sent by God.
Muhammad (PBUH): The last
and most important prophet in
Islam. Sent by God to bring the
Qur’an to the world (Peace Be
Upon Him is a sign of respect)
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Pillar/rule/
duty
Meaning
Shahadah Declaration of Faith in
Allah
How it affects the community
All same religion. Believing the same thing.
All promise belief in Allah. All say there is no
other God. Makes them become one: same
thoughts and feelings about Allah
Salah
Praying five times a day
All pray at the same time and often can be in
the same place.
Sawm
Fasting in the month of
Ramadan. No eating,
drinking or smoking,
during daylight
Makes them selfless. Makes them
remember parts of the community without
food. Everyone knows what it feels like to be
hungry. May encourage people to give more
to the rest of the community. Party at the
end to share with others.
Zakah
Charity. Give part of their Makes the poor people feel valued and part
earnings to the poor.
of the community. It Keeps people alive and
(2.5% of spare income)
generally helps the poor in the community.
Hajj
Pilgrimage to Makkah.
A special religious
journey.
All have the SAME status as Allah's servants.
They all wear same white clothes. Can't tell
who's rich or poor
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Holy Book
Allah
last
Muhammad
(PBUH)
final
cave
praying
wash
hands
Highest shelf
Qur’an
respect
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The Qur’an
How it is treated:
• 1) Wash
• 2) Highest shelf in the
room
• 3) On a stand
• 4) wrapped up
With respect
Why:
• 1) Keep it clean, symbol of
being clean inside and
being without sin
• 2) Allah and his words are
the most important.
Symbol of nothing being
higher than God
• 3) So that it doesn't get
dirty
• 4) Keep it clean and
protect the words of God
Word of Allah
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Interpreting the Qur’an
Teaching/rule from the Qur’an
Possible meaning
Way to follow it
"And tell the believing women to draw Don't show any
• Wear a headscarf.
their headcovers over their chests and beautiful part of your • Wear a burqa and
not to display their adornment” Surah body to men
have whole body and
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face covered .
• Dress in modest ways
that don't show
certain parts of the
body.
"You may eat and drink until the white When the sun goes
thread of light becomes
down, then Muslims
distinguishable from the dark thread
can eat
of night at dawn. Then you shall fast
until sunset" Surah 2:187
Sawm: fast in the month
of Ramadan. No eating
in daylight hours
"Righteous are those who…
give money
cheerfully, to the relatives, the
orphans, the needy, the traveling alien
and the beggars.
Surah 2:177
Zakah: Give part of
earnings to poor people
(2.5% of spare income)
Good people give
money to poor
people, and they
don't care whether
they come from
other countries
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Jewish response to the Holocaust
The Old Testament shows Abraham making a
covenant (deal/promise/contract) with God:
Abraham is the father/founder of Judaism. The
covenant was a deal made between Abraham
and God.
God promised Abraham many descendants, a
land (Israel) and to always look after the Jews.
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Jewish response to the Holocaust: Key
words/ideas
Anti-Semitism
Ghetto
Scapegoat
Propaganda
Final Solution
Shabbat
Synagogue
Hatred of Jews
Poor parts of the city where the Jews were
forced to live
Being blamed for something that was
nothing to do with you
Media used to spread hateful lies
The plan to murder all the Jews in Europe
Jewish Holy Day. A day of rest. No working
from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday.
Jewish Holy Building
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Kosher Rules
Food rules: Dairy and meat could not be
mixed in a meal, only certain animals, killed
in certain ways, could be eaten.
Jewish Mother
She had the role of passing on her religion
to her children. She would clean the house
for Shabbat, and would prepare the
Shabbat meal according to Kosher Rules
Religious Clothing Prayer Robes (Talits) and skull caps
(kippahs) are special clothing worn in the
synagogue and Jews are usually buried in
their religious clothing
Death Rituals
When a Jew dies, they are usually washed
and buried in their religious clothing within
24 hours. A special ceremony is often part
of the washing.
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Anti-Semitism and propaganda
• Before WW2 Hitler introduced a series of laws which
encouraged people to stop associating with the Jews,
and made life unpleasant for them. These laws included:
– Jews being unable to go into public parks
– It being against the law for a Jew to be in a relationship with
a non-Jew
– Jews couldn’t own land, property or money
These were the Nuremberg Laws. There had been antiSemitism for years: from the days of Christianity when
some Jewish people were blamed for the death of Jesus,
to more recent events.
• After WW1 the Germans used the Jews as a scapegoat
and blamed them for the country being poor and for
losing WW1
Propaganda: The Nazis published posters full of lies that
made the Germans turn on the Jews
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Shabbat
The Jews would have been forced to work for
A holy day of rest. From Friday
the Nazis so couldn't rest. They would have no
sunset to Saturday sunset.
synagogue to go to.
Jewish
mother
She
for passing
on children.
her religion.
She would
passesbe
onshot
the religion
to the
There
were many
peoplefor
in one
household
She prepares
the house
Shabbat.
She so
she
wouldn't
be able to organise Shabbat
welcomes
in Shabbat.
celebrations. She's have nothing to prepare the
Shabbat meal with.
Kosher
rules
Religious
clothing
Death
The These
Jews were
starving
would have to eat
are strict
foodsolaws.
what they were given. The Nazis would not have
bothered with following the rules.
Religious
Jewish men
clothing
wear would
a Kippah
be(Skull
takencap)
fromi8t
them.
is
They
wornwould
as a sign
be of
killed
respect
immediately
for God. for
In the
wearing
anything
synagogue
religious.
many Jewish men wear a tallit, a
prayer robe.
They wouldn’t be able to wash the bodies because
Dead bodies should be washed,
there was no running water. Clothes would be taken
dressed, put in a coffin and
from the dead bodies, they wouldn’t be able to have
buried within 24 hours.
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a funeral or bury the body within 24 hours.
Keeping faith and losing faith
Reasons to keep faith
• Keeping religion was a way
of resisting (fighting back)
the Nazis
• It keeps me strong to have
something to believe in
• It wasn’t God doing this to
us, it was people
• The Nazis wanted to get rid
of all Jews, if we stop
believing then it means the
Nazis have won
Reasons to lose faith
• We haven’t abandoned
God, He has abandoned us
• Survival is more important
than religion; we needed to
focus on that
• It was too risky; if we were
found carrying out any
Jewish rituals we would be
shot
• We weren’t in an
environment where we
could carry out our duties
and didn’t have any of the
equipment necessary to
carry out our Jewish duties
(SEE JEWISH FAMILY LIFE)
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The Problem of Evil and Suffering:
arguments against the existence of God
• Christians believe God is
omnibenevolent (all good)
– so he must want to stop
evil and suffering
• He’s omnipotent
(all powerful)
– so he must have the power
to stop it.
• The fact that he doesn’t
means he mustn’t exist.
• He’s also supposed to be Omniscient, which means
he must have known that creating the world would
result in all this evil
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Arguments for
• Design
– Paley said no-one would believe a
watch just go there by chance, it’s
too complex (it has purpose and
design).
– The world too is full of complex
things, like the human eye and
DNA.
– These too must have been
designed by someone i.e. God.
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For the Design Argument Against the Design Argument:
• Anything designed needs a
designer
• The world is more complex
that things that need a
designer e.g. DNA
• Evolution follows rules;
God designed those rules
• There are laws of science
and nature which apply all
over the world, such as
gravity. God put these laws
in place
• Evidence of lack of design e.g.
earthquakes, volcanoes
• Even if the argument works and
proves that there is a designer,
why does that have to be the one
God of the Bible, Torah or Qur’an?
It could be many gods, or even an
evil power
• Science explains how evolution
can occur naturally
• The design argument says that all
complex things need a designer. A
designer is a complex thing so
how designed God?
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Another argument for
• First Cause/causation
– Aquinas said everything that happens (every
effect) in the universe has a cause.
– This creates a cause and effect ‘domino chain’
– If you go back to the start of the universe
something must have caused it (started it)
– That 1st cause was God
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For the First Cause Argument
• The world and humans must
have come from somewhere
• Everything that exists in the
world does have a cause
• Science shows that when we
investigate we can identify
causes
• In the train with many carriages
example, each carriage is
caused to move by the carriage
in front of it. This only makes
sense if there is an engine not
moved by something else but is
‘an unmoved mover’.
• God is the only logical
explanation of something that is
powerful enough to cause the
whole world, and doesn’t need
to be caused by anything else.
Against the First Cause
Argument
• Why should the causes stop
at God? If everything needs
a cause, then who caused
God?
• A better explanation is that
the matter that the universe
is made from is eternal
(always existed and always
will) so the process of
causes does go on for ever
• Even if the first cause was to
exist, it would not have to
be God, it could be any sort
of creator, or the matter
that the universe is made
from was the First Cause
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