Download Scientific Revolution 5

Scientific Revolution and
the Enlightenment
EQ- What was the Scientific
Revolution, and how did it begin?
Geocentric Theory
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Most people at this time
believed that Earth was
the center of the universe
because God created
people and he created
the universe to serve
people.
The people’s home,
Earth, would then be the
center of the universe.
This was known as the
geocentric theory.
Nicolaus Copernicus
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(Polish) Started the
scientific age in the 1500s.
He stated that Earth was
round, and rotated on its
axis around the sun. The
sun stayed still at the center
of the universe.
The idea that the Earth
goes around the sun is the
heliocentric theory.
Nicolaus Copernicus
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His ideas could mean
persecution, excommunication
or imprisonment.
He spent over 25 years writing his
ideas. Right before his death his
friends helped him publish them. (No
mathematics to prove theories).
Hypotheses – theories that
attempt to explain a set of facts.
Tycho Brahe
(Danish) Set up an
observatory to
study heavenly
bodies.
 He accumulated
much data on
planetary
movements.
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Johannes Kepler
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(German) A mathematician and
astronomer used Brahe’s data
and mathematics to prove
Copernicus’ theories.
He proved planets went
around the sun and that they
went in ellipses or ovals.
Their movement also
changes speed. They get
faster as they approach the
sun.
Galileo Galilei
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(Italian) Said that since all heavenly bodies like moons
did not go around the sun that all planets may not
either. He published his ideas in 1632.
Built his own telescope and supported heliocentric
theory.
Pope Urban VIII banned the book and asked Galileo
to come to Rome and stand trial. After threats of
torture and death he withdrew his statements.
Afterwards he worked on Physics. He established the
Law of Inertia. This law states that an object will
stay at rest or move in a straight line unless acted
upon by outside forces.
Galileo Galilei
Francis Bacon
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(English) He said that ideas
based on unproven facts
should be discarded
completely.
He helped develop the
Scientific Method.
Observation, Hypothesis,
Experiments, Conclusion,
Repeated, Law.
Rene Descartes
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(French) Invented analytical
geometry.
How do we know that we
know what we know?
He doubted everything but
his own existence.
He said, “I think therefore I
am.”
Isaac Newton
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(English) He was a below average student at
Cambridge University with few friends. He
almost dropped out of school. A teacher
recognized his potential and began tutoring
him.
Discovered that the same force rules all
motion. Law of universal gravitation.
He explained why things do not fall off the
earth and why planets stay in their orbit. To
prove his theories he developed calculus.
Galen
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Ancient Greeks Dissected apes
and dogs because Roman law
forbade human dissection.
He discovered blood in
arteries.
He thought the liver digested food
into blood. This hypothesis held
up for 1,000 years.
Andreas Vesalius
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He was a Frenchman
who was one of the first
to dissect a human body.
In 1543 he published, On
the Structure of the Human
Body.
Edward Jenner
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(English) introduced vaccine for small pox. Realized
cow pox inoculation was safer.
William Harvey
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He concluded the heart
pumps blood throughout
the body.
Blood traveled through
the body through
arteries. It returned to
the heart by way of the
veins.
Robert Hooke
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An Englishman who
discovered the cell.
He used the new
microscope to see cells in
vegetable tissue.
Robert Boyle
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Irish chemist. When he was
born in 1627 most chemistry
was alchemy. They tried to
turn metals to gold and
silver.
Boyle’s Law: explains how
temperature, pressure &
volume affect each other.
Joseph Priestly
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An English chemist who
in 1774 discovered
oxygen.
His studies led to the
invention of carbonated
drinks.
Antoine Lavoisier
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Known as the “Father of
Modern Chemistry”.
He discovered that
oxygen has to be present
with flammable material
in order for combustion
to occur.