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Name: ____________________________________________________ Unified Biology 1 Date: _________________ Period: ____________ Notes: Unit 6 Circulatory and Immune Systems 1 Part 1: Circulatory System Key Questions: 1. How do necessary molecules enter the circulatory system and cells? 2. What are the parts and functions of the circulatory system? Parts of the Circulatory System: 1. ______________________________________________________ a. Carry _______________________________________ blood ______________________ from heart to the rest of the body b. When you feel your PULSE, you can feel the blood flowing through your arteries each time your heart beats 2. ______________________________________________________ a. Return _____________________________________ blood back to the heart from all parts of the body 3. ______________________________________________________ a. ____________________ blood vessels that are thin enough to allow for ____________________________ of materials between the _____________ and the capillaries 2 4. _______________________________________________________ a. Function of the heart: ______________________________________________________ b. Characteristics: i. _________________________________________________________________________ ii. Made of 2 sides – one side contains ________________________________ and one side contains ________________________________________________ 3 5. __________________________________________________________ a. Functions: ________________________________ things like ______________________ and _________________________________ throughout an organism b. Made of ________________________ and ____________________________ 1. Plasma: a. Made mostly of _______________________________ b. Where all materials are __________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 2. Cells include : ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Cell Type RBC WBC Platelets Function 4 Question: Why does your heart rate increase during exercise? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 2: The Immune System Key Questions: 1. What are pathogens, and how do they affect living things? 2. What are the functions of the immune system, and how does it protect humans? 3. What is active and passive immunity? 4. What are antibodies, and how do they protect us? 5. What are vaccines, and how do they protect us? Part 1. Define Pathogen: ________________________________________, and other microorganisms that cause ___________________________________ Part 2: Defense systems against pathogens a. First line defenses: ___________________________________________________________, tears, stomach acid, etc. b. Second line defenses: a. Kicks in if pathogen gets past the 1st line b. Results in _________________________________________________________________ c. Attracts special WBC’s to come and ingest pathogens (nonspecific) c. Third line defenses: a. The __________________________________________________________________ 5 1. Define Immunity: When the body is able to _______________________ ________________________________________ 2. Key terms: a. Define antigen: A _____________________________________________________ that can cause an immune response _______________________________________________________________ b. Define antibody: ________________________ proteins created by WBCs that bind to ____________________________ to help destroy _________________________ ________________________________ results from the production of ______________________________ specific to a given ______________________________ 6 c. Define Active Immunity: When the body makes its own ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 1. ________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________ a. Define vaccine: Injection with a solution that contains _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Causes body to make __________________________ d. Define Passive Immunity: Body does not make its own antibodies Temporary immunity Examples: ____________________________________________ Part 3: Other topics for Immunity: 1. Why can you get sick with some types of illnesses again and again (stomach bugs, influenza – flu)? o Some pathogens have a high _______________________________________________ o The body would see the mutated pathogen as something new and it would have to make new _______________________________________ 2. Allergies When the ____________________________________________________________________ (things that are not harmful like dust) Results in runny nose, itchy eyes, swollen throat 7 3. Transplanted Organs Immune system reacts to foreign _______________________ by producing ___________________________________ to fight off new organ (seen as a foreign invader) Recipient needs to take medication forever to decrease immune response 4. HIV and AIDS a. HIV is the __________________ that can lead to the development of _____________ b. HIV needs a _____________________________ in order to reproduce and make copies of itself c. HIV destroys specific ___________________________________________________________ which decreases the ability to fight off infection d. HIV is transmitted through ________________________________ (blood, semen, breast milk, vaginal secretions) 8