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Problemset Title Introductory Text Test Questions Question 1 Where are the origins of civilization in the Middle East? Hint: Introductions Type: Feedback for Multiple Choice all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback Mesopotamia and the Nile River valley in Egypt Correct around 3500 BCE the Mediterranean and the Tigris River valley in Incorrect Egypt around 2500 BCE Question 2 Type: Multiple Choice Question 3 Type: Multiple Choice the Sassanian Peninsula and the Nile River valley in Egypt around 4500 BCE Incorrect the Tigris River valley and Mesopotamia in Egypt around 1500 BCE Incorrect What was the primary focus of the Sassanian state religion called Zoroastrianism? Hint: Introductions Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As the eternal struggle of good and evil Correct the balancing of fire, water, air and earth Incorrect scientific and academic spiritualism Incorrect the belief in one God Incorrect Feedback Which empire continuously fought the Sassanian Empire for control of the Middle East during the sixth and seventh centuries CE? Hint: Introductions Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback Question 4 Type: Multiple Choice Question 5 Type: Multiple Choice the Byzantine Empire Correct the Western Roman Empire Incorrect the Jewish Empire Incorrect the Persian Empire Incorrect According to Muslim tradition, who built the Kaaba, which is located in the center of Mecca? Hint: Muhammad ibn Abdulla Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Abraham and his son Ishmael Correct Muhammad and his son Ishmael Incorrect the Quraysh Incorrect Hejaz and his followers Incorrect Feedback What part of Muhammad's message made some people angry during his time? Hint: Muhammad ibn Abdullah Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback his recitation of Quranic verses condemning idol Correct worship and polytheism Question 6 Type: Multiple Choice his statements supporting polytheism and idol worship Incorrect his recitation of verses describing man's responsibility to worship as the ancestors did Incorrect his statements encouraging his followers to use meditation as a source of spiritual strength Incorrect How do many modern-day Muslims recognize the importance of hijra in Islamic history? Hint: Early Muslim Community Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback The Muslim calendar begins with the year when Correct Muhammad and his followers fled from Mecca. Question 7 The holiest day in the Muslim year is the anniversary of Muhammad's birthday. Incorrect Muslims must make a pilgrimage to Medina each year to recognize the event. Incorrect Muslims are obligated to honor the document called the "Constitution of Medina." Incorrect How did the March 624 Battle of Badr impact Muslim forces? Hint: Early Muslim Community Type: Feedback for Multiple Choice all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Feedback The significant victory for the Muslims was seen Correct as confirmation of divine support. The significant loss for the Muslims was seen as Incorrect divine punishment for disobedience to God. The significant loss for the Muslims was seen as Incorrect a test of Muslim determination. The modest victory for the Muslims was seen as Incorrect a beginning for diplomatic relations with the Meccans. Question 8 Type: Multiple Choice Why was the Truce of Hudaybiya, which was signed in 628, significant? Hint: Early Muslim Community Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As It signified the end of hostilities between Mecca Correct and the Muslims. It temporarily prevented Muslims from performing the hajj pilgrimage in Mecca. Incorrect Feedback It disallowed full hajj pilgrimage for the Muslims but paved the way for a lesser version called umrah. Incorrect It gave the Muslims full control in Mecca, removing all previous obstacles. Incorrect Question 9 How was Umar, Abu Bakr's successor, able to gain control of Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and the whole Persian Empire by 643 CE? Type: Multiple Choice Hint: Early Islamic Expansion Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As The Byzantines and Sassanians were worn out and weakened from their own recent wars with each other. Correct The Islamic armies were much larger than the Byzantines and Sassanians. Incorrect Umar's military leadership was unparalleled to any other before him. Incorrect Feedback The Islamic armies had more efficient weaponry Incorrect than the Byzantines and Sassanians. Question 10 Type: Multiple Choice How was the experience of many of Muhammad's early successors similar? Hint: The Umayyad Caliphate Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As In-house fighting amongst the Muslims led to Correct the assassination of many of Muhammad's early successors. Many of Muhammad's early successors Incorrect encouraged unity and enjoyed the full support of the Muslims. Many of Muhammad's early successors had poor Incorrect military leadership skills and were unable to successfully gain new lands. Feedback Increased awareness of Islam in distant lands allowed many of Muhammad's successors to gain large numbers of new followers. Question 11 Type: Multiple Choice Incorrect How did conquering Muslims treat non-Muslims in the lands they occupied? Hint: The Umayyad Caliphate Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As Non-Muslims were treated with respect and dignity but were required to pay an annual tax. Correct Feedback Non-Muslims were forced to convert to Islam or Incorrect face execution. Question 12 Non-Muslims were exiled from the lands conquered by Muslims. Incorrect Non-Muslims were provided all the same legal rights as Muslims. Incorrect How did Arabic become the official language of the Muslim empire? Hint: Early Abbasid Caliphate Type: Feedback for Multiple Choice all incorrect answers: Question 13 Type: Multiple Choice Answer Graded As The Umayyads were partial to the old Arab ruling elite of Mecca. Correct The prophet Muhammad made it clear that this was his preference before his death. Incorrect Arabia was the most populous territory of the Muslim empire during the Umayyad period. Incorrect The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad in 750 and declared Arabic the official language. Incorrect Feedback Why was it difficult for the Abbasids to prevent rebellions from occurring throughout the Middle East? Hint: Early Abbasid Caliphate Feedback for all incorrect answers: Question 14 Type: Multiple Choice Answer Graded As The Islamic world had become quite large, making complete control nearly impossible. Correct The Abbasid leadership lacked effective governing skills. Incorrect The Abbasids modeled themselves after the old Persian government, which was highly unsuccessful. Incorrect The Abbasid rulers did not trust anyone outside of their family. Incorrect Feedback How did the manner in which many Buyid rulers referred to themselves runs counter to Islamic tenets? Hint: Later Abbasid Caliphate Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As According to Islamic principles, labels such as "king of kings" were only befitting for God. Correct The Buyid rulers' desire to be called servants of the "king of kings" reflected existing Islamic thought. Incorrect Feedback According to Islamic principles, the Buyid rulers Incorrect were allowed to refer to themselves as "king of kings" so long as they acknowledged God first. The Buyid rulers' desire to be called "lords" went Incorrect against Islamic rules that disallowed the use of such titles. Question 15 Type: Multiple Choice Why were the last Abbasid ruler's successors referred to as "shadow caliphs?" Hint: Later Abbasid Caliphates Feedback for all incorrect answers: Answer Graded As They had no actual ruling authority. Correct They walked in the footsteps of the prophet Muhammad. Incorrect They were an unseen ruling authority. Incorrect They maintained consistent rule. Incorrect Feedback