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Hear...Listen... Think... Ponder... I Look To You As I lay me down Heaven hear me now I´m lost without a cause After giving it my all Winter storms have come And darkened my sun After all that I´ve been through Who on earth can I turn to? ** I look to you I look to you After all my strength is gone In you I can be strong I look to you I look to you And when melodies are gone In you I hear a song, I look to you About to lose my breath There´s no more fighting left Sinking to rise no more Searching for that open door And every road that I´ve taken Led to my regret And I don´t know if I´m gonna make it Nothing to do but lift my head Repeat ** My levee´s have broken, my walls have come Crumbling down on me The rain is falling, defeat is calling I need you set me free Take me far away from the battle I need you, shine on me Member of the Asscoiated Press . Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenhswse. Cejhciebce fcdcdcd. ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY NEWSPAPER Wednesday, November 24, 1892 Est. 1869 Terms to remember Philosophy and Religion: The term philosophy comes from the Greek words: philos and logos. Philos means “love of ” developed philosophy to serve as a fountain of knowledge. Religion It pertains to knowledge about gods or goddesses. Attempts to comprehend mystical experiences are embodied in the study of religion. Faith Philosophy was an attempt to give meaning to the world. A strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny Price 6d Main Menu Hinduism Sikhism Buddhism Judaism Jainism Christianity Zoroastrianism Islam HINDUISM Unity and Diversity • One of the world's oldest religions. • Over 2/3's of the world's Hindus live in India; large numbers reside in Africa also. • Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the thousands. • They recognize one supreme spirit called Brahman ("the Absolute.") Hindu Philosophy • Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the thousands. • They recognize one supreme spirit called Brahman (the Absolute). • The goal of Hindus is to someday join with Brahman. • Until that union takes place, believers are in a continuous process of rebirth called "reincarnation." Hindu gods and goddesses • Brahman, the highest From him descended Brahma, the first of all gods and goddesses He is considered as the Creator and purveyor of the continuing process of creation in the world. • Shiva, second god The Slayer/Destroyer of Creation He is the cause of fear, many believe that his power does not come from him but from a female spirit called shakti or wife. • Vishnu The Protector of all creations of Brahma He is a god of mercy and compassion • Kali, Durga, Parvati, Uma (Shiva) • Krishna Many incarnation form of Vishnu Caste System - According to the Law of Manu there are four social classes in the society and it specifies the role of the individual in the society • • • • Brahman - priesthood, which occupies the highest level Kshatriya – composed of the aristocrats and warriors Vaishyas – composed of farmers and traders Shudras – the peasants and workers Pariah or Untouchables – compose of slaves FOUR PHASES OF LIFE Being a student Master of the house Being a hermit Sannyasi or ascetic Student Master of the house Hermit Sannyasi • • • Returns home to marry and administer the house • He performs rituals and prayers at any time of the day • • • • At the age of 8 or 12 The child receives the sacred thread as proof of membership to his caste The child leaves and studies with a guru The study last for 12 years • Upon having a grandchild, each man is expected to assume the life of hermit He must live simply and continue to learn the Vedas • He loses any connection to worldly concerns His goal is to complete purification of the soul to achieve moksha Four Goals Artha Attainment of material wealth Karma Experiencing sensual and physical joy suitable to human Dharma Ability to perform all suitable roles in the society according to one’s caste and status Moksha Escape of freedom from repeated reincarnation Atman- piece of spirit related to Brahma PROCESS FLOW Artha Karma Dharma Moksha Nirvana Important Texts Book It includes Rig-Veda Samshitas – prayers and hymns Sama Veda Brahmanas – rituals and theology Atharva Veda Upanishads – Hindu philosophy Yajur Veda Mahabharata – epic narrative of war between the Kauravas and Pandavas Ramayana – the story of Rama Manu Smitri –compilation of social laws of Hinduism Bhagavad Gita – sermon given by god Krishna to Arjuna Buddhism: Middle Way • “When desires are few, the heart is happy. When desires are gone, Peace can be felt” • Founded by Siddharta Gautama, who was born in 563 BCE in Nepal • It was prophesied that Siddharta would become a Universal Emperor or Universal Teacher • Four signs: old weak and stooping man, man full of boils and wounds, dead body and a monk begging for food Buddhist Philosophy • Buddhism states that existence is a continuing cycle of death and rebirth called reincarnation. • Each person's position in life is determined by his or her behavior in the previous life. This is known as their "karma" (also a Hindu belief). Buddhist Philosophy Love: without conditions Compassion: or feeling at one with the person who is suffering Sympathetic Joy: Celebrate the happiness of others, and do not resent their good fortune. Impartiality: Treat everyone equally, and do not use others for personal gain or to win approval. Buddhism: Four Noble Truth • Dukkha (Life is full of suffering) • Tanha ( The reason for suffering is desire) • Nirvana( To eradicate suffering, one must eliminate suffering to reach pure happiness) • Follow the Eightfold Path Eightfold Path • • • • • • • • Right to Understanding Right to Goal or Motives Right to Speech Right to Behavior Right to Livelihood Right to Effort Right to Consciousness Right Meditation Factions in Buddhism • Mahayana Buddhism (Greater Vehicle) – they considered Buddha a god and added some other saints (bodhisattvas), rituals, forms of worship to the religion • Hinayana Buddhism (Lesser Vehicle) – remained faithful to the original teachings of Buddha, also known as Theravada Buddhism Boddhisatvas • Amithaba (O-mi-to-fu) (Amida) – savior from the Western Paradise • Avalokitesvara (Kuan-yin) (Kannon) – goddess of mercy Jainism: Aversion to Violence • “Avoid destruction and hold on to life. Everyone wants to live of all things, life is important”. • Founded by Mahavira Vardhamana belonging to Kshatriya class • He was referred to as Jina or Conqueror • He believed in atman, the soul that moves from one body or vehicle to another in a process called samsara. Human beings must avoid evil to purify Jain teachings • Accepted the concept of karma, reincarnation, atman and Brahman but he gave new interpretations • For a Jainist, the reason for living is to purify the soul • Karma – composed of spiritual dirt that clings to the soul Jain teachings • Lying and stealing are prohibited • Everything has soul thus hurting other souls is considered wrong • Jains are vegetarian • Jains cannot engage in agriculture Sikhism: The Union of Hinduism and ISlam • • • • • “God is there, despite the fragmentation of religions.” Founded by Guru Nanak (1469-1539 BCE) Ram Das (4th)- established the Golden Temple Arjun(5th)- compiled Adi Granth (sacred scriptures) Gobind Singh (10th) – formed the Khalsa sikh teachings • Sikhs stresses unity, truth and the creativity of a personal god • Loyalty and justice are admired while vices are strictly prohibited. • They don’t believe in the caste system, priesthood, worship of images and religious pilgrimages. sikh teachings • New recruits are baptized by drinking sweetened water stirred by a dagger and being given a surname, (Singh or Kaur) • Must follow the 5 K’s: – Kes – prohibition on cutting one’s hair or beard – Kacch- wearing of soldier’s pants – Kara – wearing of metal bracelet – Khanda – wearing of a metal dagger – Khanga – carrying a comb