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Hear...Listen...
Think... Ponder...
I Look To You
As I lay me down
Heaven hear me now
I´m lost without a cause
After giving it my all
Winter storms have come
And darkened my sun
After all that I´ve been through
Who on earth can I turn to?
** I look to you
I look to you
After all my strength is gone
In you I can be strong
I look to you
I look to you
And when melodies are gone
In you I hear a song, I look to you
About to lose my breath
There´s no more fighting left
Sinking to rise no more
Searching for that open door
And every road that I´ve taken
Led to my regret
And I don´t know if I´m gonna make it
Nothing to do but lift my head
Repeat **
My levee´s have broken, my walls have
come
Crumbling down on me
The rain is falling, defeat is calling
I need you set me free
Take me far away from the battle
I need you, shine on me
Member of the Asscoiated Press .
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Aenean. Aenean commodo ligula eget
dolor. Aenhswse. Cejhciebce fcdcdcd.
ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY NEWSPAPER
Wednesday, November 24, 1892
Est. 1869
Terms to remember
Philosophy
and Religion:
The term philosophy
comes from the Greek
words: philos and logos.
Philos means “love of ”
developed philosophy to
serve as a fountain of
knowledge.
Religion
It
pertains
to
knowledge about gods
or goddesses. Attempts
to
comprehend
mystical
experiences
are embodied in the
study of religion.
Faith
Philosophy was an attempt
to give meaning to the
world.
A strong belief in a
supernatural power or
powers
that
control
human destiny
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Hinduism
Sikhism
Buddhism
Judaism
Jainism
Christianity
Zoroastrianism
Islam
HINDUISM
Unity and Diversity
•
One of the world's oldest religions.
• Over 2/3's of the world's Hindus live in India;
large numbers reside in Africa also.
• Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the
thousands.
• They recognize one supreme spirit called
Brahman ("the Absolute.")
Hindu Philosophy
• Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into
the thousands.
• They recognize one supreme spirit called
Brahman (the Absolute).
• The goal of Hindus is to someday join with
Brahman.
• Until that union takes place, believers are in a
continuous process of rebirth called
"reincarnation."
Hindu gods and goddesses
• Brahman, the highest
 From him descended Brahma, the first
of all gods and goddesses
 He is considered as the Creator and
purveyor of the continuing process of
creation in the world.
• Shiva, second god
 The Slayer/Destroyer of Creation
 He is the cause of fear, many believe that
his power does not come from him but
from a female spirit called shakti or wife.
• Vishnu
 The Protector of all creations of Brahma
 He is a god of mercy and compassion
• Kali, Durga, Parvati, Uma (Shiva)
• Krishna
 Many incarnation form of Vishnu
Caste System
- According to the Law of Manu there are four
social classes in the society and it specifies
the role of the individual in the society
•
•
•
•
Brahman - priesthood, which occupies the highest level
Kshatriya – composed of the aristocrats and warriors
Vaishyas – composed of farmers and traders
Shudras – the peasants and workers
Pariah or Untouchables – compose of slaves
FOUR PHASES OF LIFE




Being a student
Master of the house
Being a hermit
Sannyasi or ascetic
Student
Master of the house
Hermit
Sannyasi
•
•
• Returns home to
marry and
administer the house
• He performs rituals
and prayers at any
time of the day
•
•
•
•
At the age of 8 or 12
The child receives
the sacred thread as
proof of
membership to his
caste
The child leaves and
studies with a guru
The study last for 12
years
•
Upon having a
grandchild, each
man is expected
to assume the life
of hermit
He
must
live
simply
and
continue to learn
the Vedas
•
He loses any
connection to
worldly
concerns
His goal is to
complete
purification of
the soul to
achieve moksha
Four Goals
 Artha
 Attainment of material wealth
 Karma
 Experiencing sensual and physical joy
suitable to human
 Dharma
 Ability to perform all suitable roles in the
society according to one’s caste and status
 Moksha
 Escape of freedom from repeated
reincarnation
 Atman- piece of spirit related to Brahma
PROCESS FLOW
Artha
Karma
Dharma
Moksha
Nirvana
Important Texts
Book
It includes
Rig-Veda
Samshitas – prayers and
hymns
Sama Veda
Brahmanas – rituals and
theology
Atharva Veda
Upanishads – Hindu
philosophy
Yajur Veda
Mahabharata – epic narrative
of war between the Kauravas
and Pandavas
Ramayana – the story of Rama
Manu Smitri –compilation of
social laws of Hinduism
Bhagavad Gita – sermon given
by god Krishna to Arjuna
Buddhism: Middle Way
• “When desires are few, the heart is happy.
When desires are gone, Peace can be felt”
• Founded by Siddharta Gautama, who was born in 563 BCE
in Nepal
• It was prophesied that Siddharta would become a
Universal Emperor or Universal Teacher
• Four signs: old weak and stooping man, man full of boils
and wounds, dead body and a monk begging for food
Buddhist Philosophy
• Buddhism states that existence is a continuing cycle of death and
rebirth called reincarnation.
• Each person's position in life is determined by his or her behavior
in the previous life. This is known as their "karma" (also a Hindu
belief).
Buddhist Philosophy
Love:
without conditions
Compassion: or feeling at one with the person who is suffering
Sympathetic Joy:
Celebrate the happiness of others,
and
do not resent their
good fortune.
Impartiality: Treat everyone equally, and do not use others for
personal
gain or to win approval.
Buddhism: Four Noble Truth
• Dukkha (Life is full of suffering)
• Tanha ( The reason for suffering is desire)
• Nirvana( To eradicate suffering, one must eliminate suffering
to reach pure happiness)
• Follow the Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Right to Understanding
Right to Goal or Motives
Right to Speech
Right to Behavior
Right to Livelihood
Right to Effort
Right to Consciousness
Right Meditation
Factions in Buddhism
• Mahayana Buddhism (Greater Vehicle) – they
considered Buddha a god and added some
other saints (bodhisattvas), rituals, forms of
worship to the religion
• Hinayana Buddhism (Lesser Vehicle) – remained
faithful to the original teachings of Buddha,
also known as Theravada Buddhism
Boddhisatvas
• Amithaba (O-mi-to-fu) (Amida) – savior from
the Western Paradise
• Avalokitesvara (Kuan-yin) (Kannon) –
goddess of mercy
Jainism: Aversion to Violence
• “Avoid destruction and hold on to life. Everyone wants to
live of all things, life is important”.
• Founded by Mahavira Vardhamana
belonging to Kshatriya class
• He was referred to as Jina or
Conqueror
• He believed in atman, the soul that
moves from one body or vehicle to
another in a process called samsara.
Human beings must avoid evil to purify
Jain teachings
• Accepted the concept of karma, reincarnation, atman and
Brahman but he gave new interpretations
• For a Jainist, the reason for living is to purify the soul
• Karma – composed of spiritual dirt that clings to the soul
Jain teachings
• Lying and stealing are prohibited
• Everything has soul thus hurting other souls is considered
wrong
• Jains are vegetarian
• Jains cannot engage in agriculture
Sikhism: The Union of Hinduism and ISlam
•
•
•
•
•
“God is there, despite the fragmentation of religions.”
Founded by Guru Nanak (1469-1539 BCE)
Ram Das (4th)- established the Golden Temple
Arjun(5th)- compiled Adi Granth (sacred scriptures)
Gobind Singh (10th) – formed the Khalsa
sikh teachings
• Sikhs stresses unity, truth and the creativity of a personal god
• Loyalty and justice are admired while vices are strictly
prohibited.
• They don’t believe in the caste system, priesthood, worship of
images and religious pilgrimages.
sikh teachings
• New recruits are baptized by drinking sweetened water
stirred by a dagger and being given a surname, (Singh or
Kaur)
• Must follow the 5 K’s:
– Kes – prohibition on cutting one’s hair or beard
– Kacch- wearing of soldier’s pants
– Kara – wearing of metal bracelet
– Khanda – wearing of a metal dagger
– Khanga – carrying a comb