Download Grammar Notes - Trimble County Schools

Grammar
Nouns
• Person, place, thing or idea
• Common nouns- general nouns (cookie, boy,
car, school)
• Proper nouns- name of something (Mr.
Heckler, Toyota, Power Rangers, Star Wars)
– Always capitalized
Nouns
• Appositive- a noun that renames another
noun (in a sentence)
– Give me that book, Star Wars- Return of the Jedi,
right now!
• Star Wars- Return of the Jedi renames book
Pronouns
• Pronouns replace or take the place of nouns
– I, he, she, me
– Her, him, their
– Hers, his, theirs, its
• Antecedents- is what the pronoun is referring
to or replacing in a sentence
– Aaron sharpened his pencil.
Verbs
• Shows action or something exists
– Action Verb- shows some kind of action
• Walk, talk, speak, run,
– Linking Verb- links the subject to something else
• Acts like an = sign
• Is, are, were, am,
• Sense words
– Helping verb
• When you have a linking verb in front of an action verb
• She is helping him
Adjectives
• Describes or modifies a noun or pronoun
– The ugly car.
– The pretty girl.
– The handsome man drove the fast motorcycle.
Adverbs
• Describe or modify a verb, adjective, or other
adverb.
– She did well.
– The very ugly boy.
– The super nice teacher drove too fast.
Articles
•
•
•
•
Part of the adjective family- 3 of them
THE
A
AN
Interjection
• Shows strong emotion or surprise.
• Hey!!! What are you doing?
• Whoa! that is awesome!!!
Conjunction
• Conjunctions connect words or groups of
words together.
Conjunctions
• Coordinating Conjunctions- coordinates 2
words or clauses in a sentence.
– And
– But
– Or
– Nor
– For
– So
– yet
Conjunctions
• Correlative Conjunctions- must be used
together to join words or clauses.
– Either/or
– Neither/ nor
– Both/ and
– Not only/ but also
– Whether/ or
Conjunctions
• Subordinating Conjunctions- conjunction at
the beginning of the clause and starts a
dependent clause
– Start a dependent clause
– They are usually words that are adverbs or
prepositions
– After, since, when, where, before, until, as much
as, because, unless, in order that, though,
although, if, that, while so, how, than
Prepositions
• Is a word or group of words that shows the
relationship between a noun or pronoun that
follows it and another word in the sentence.
• (The doghouse or anywhere a mouse can go)
• Common Prepositions
– In, on, through, around, over, under
• The dog went over the fence.
• I hid the chocolate in the cracker box.
Preposition
• Prepositional phrase- group of words that
starts with the preposition and ends with the
object of the preposition.
• Object of the preposition- noun or pronoun
that is related to the preposition.
• The dog went over the fence.
• I hid the chocolate in the cracker box.
Subject & Predicate
• Subject- the nouns or pronouns in the
sentence
– The who or what in the sentence
• Predicate- the verb and everything after it
– What’s being done in the sentence.
Clauses
• Independent- have a subject and a predicate
and can stand alone
• Dependent- have a subject and a predicate,
but cannot stand alone.
Sentences
• Simple- 1 independent clause
– Mr. Holbrook went to the store.
• Compound- 2 or more independent clauses
– Mr. Holbrook went to the store, and Mrs.
Holbrook went to school.
• Complex- a sentence with an independent
clause and a dependent clause
– Although Mr. Holbrook wanted to go to the
football game, he stayed home.
Objects
• Direct object- receives the action of the verb
MUST HAVE ACTION VERB!!!
• Subject + predicate = Direct Object
• The boy passed the ball.
– What was passed Ball
Objects
• Indirect objects- identifies to or for whom or
what the action of the verb is performed
– Who or what receives the Direct Object
– MUST HAVE ACTION VERB!!!
– MUST HAVE DIRECT OBJECT!!!
Mr.Holbrook gave Jimmy the notes.
– Gave- action verb
– Notes- direct object
– Jimmy- indirect object
Predicate Adjectives
• Predicate adjectives follow a linking verb and
describes the subject
• MUST HAVE A LINKING VERB!!!
Mr. Holbrook is funny.
– Is- linking verb
– Funny- adjective that describes Mr. Holbrook
Predicate Nominatives
• Predicate nominatives follow a linking verb
and tells us what the subject is (nouns and
pronouns)