Download Plants

Plants
Structure, Function, and
Reproduction
Parts of a Plant
 Roots
 Anchor the plant
 Absorb water and nutrients
 Storage of organic nutrients (sugar and
starch)
 May have one central root with branching
roots
 May have branching roots and no central
root
Parts of a Plant
 Stem – support the leaves and house the
vascular tissue
 Woody stem
 Stiff and nongreen
 Have buds on the ends
 Think trees
 Nonwoody stem
 Flexible and green
 Herbaceous plants – violets, clovers, and grasses
Parts of a Plant
 Vascular Tissue
 Xylem
 Goes up
 Brings water and nutrients up from the roots
 Phloem
 Goes down
 Bring sugar and other nutrients throughout the
plant
Parts of a Plant
 Leaves
 Primary photosynthetic organ in a plant
 Simple leaves
 One blade
 Compound leaves
 Multiple blades
Leaves
 Single blade leaf
Multiple Blade Leaf 
Parts of a Plant
 Remember that plants have a waxy
coating around their roots and stem
 This allows water to get in but harder for it to
get out
 Think of it as a protective coating
Function
 All of these parts work together to give
the plant nutrients and allow it to
reproduce.
 The roots and xylem bring up water and
nutrients from the ground
 The leaves and phloem allow the plant to
perform photosynthesis and bring
nutrients to other parts of the plant
Types of Plants
 Nonvascular Plants – smaller size, larger
gametophytes, and require water for
sexual reproduction
 Mosses
 Liverworts
 Hornworts
Types of Plants
 Seedless vascular plants – vascular
system, larger sporophyte, drought
resistant spores
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Ferns
Club mosses
Horsetails
Whisk ferns
Gymnosperms
 Seed plants whose seeds do not develop
within a sealed container (like a fruit)
 These plants have cones and needles
 The largest group of gymnosperms are
Conifers (California Redwoods)
Gymnosperms cont’d
 Sperm are carried on pollen and moved
by the wind – not a lot of water and this
makes fertilization possible even in times
of a drought
Angiosperms
 Produce seeds that develop enclosed
within a fruit
 2 subgroups – monocots and dicots
 3 main key features
 Flowers
 Fruits
 endosperms
Angiosperms cont’d
 3 main key features
 Flowers – male and female gametophytes
develop within flowers (makes pollination
easier and more successful), strong scent
attracts pollinators
Angiosperms cont’d
 3 main key features
 Fruits – promote seed dispersal (when an
animal eats it and poops it out it is like
instant fertilizer and relocation!)
Angiosperms cont’d
 3 main key features
 Endosperms – the angiosperm seeds have a
supply of stored food. This allows the
embryo to have nutrients regardless of the
conditions
Monocot v Dicot
 Monocots are flowering plants that only
produce seeds with one seed leaf
 Monocots have their vascular tissue
bundled
 Dicots are flowering plants that produce
seeds with two seed leaves
 Dicots have their vascular tissue
arranged in a ring
What the heck is a seed
leaf?
 A seed leaf is the first leaf that “pops out”
of the embryonic seed.
 When you first see the leaves, these are
the seed leaves
 The leaves after this are called the true
leaves
Examples
MONOCOT
DICOT
Reproduction
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