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1-13-17 Road to WWII To what extent was World War II inevitable? Do Now: Compare and Contrast Hitler and Mussolini. Italian Fascism was much less violent and repressive than the Nazi variety The state’s power over the lives of most Italians was not extensive Mussolini was not successful in reshaping the attitudes and ideas of most Italians Much of industry, the army, the Church, and the bureaucracy was not thoroughly “taken over” by the Fascists Nonetheless, Hitler was inspired by Mussolini’s example, methods and successes Japan Seeks An Empire 1920’s Japan becomes more democratic Except, civilian leaders had little control over military. Military leaders only report to Emperor. Bitter, Japan gets less territory than they wanted from Treaty of Versailles. Global Depression enables Japanese military to take control of the country. Restores control to military with Emperor symbol of state power. INVASION OF MANCHURIA Japan’s actions were the 1st to ignite WWII in 1931 when they invaded Manchuria Manchuria was a wealthy manufacturing/textile area in N. China Japanese forces swept into northern China in 1937 – After almost destroying Shanghai, Japanese troops committed what was called "The Rape of Nanjing." A period of two months, the Japanese soldiers brutally murdered up to 250,000 Chinese civilians and raped up to 80,000 women and girls. League of Nations Established as a result of WWI (Pres. Wilson) International peace organization. Included all major democracies except U.S. L of N protest Japanese aggression-Japan withdraws from it. Why did the League of Nations fail to maintain peace? INVASION OF ETHIOPIA By Il Duce in October 1935 Effort to build a glorious Italian empire Revenge for Italy’s defeat in 1890s by the Ethiopians This time the Ethiopian army was no match against the Italian army The League of Nations merely condemned the attack “Please Don’t do that” Britain and France hoped that appeasing Mussolini would help keep peace in Europe…will it? SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-39 July 1936, General Francisco Franco led a revolt against the elected government FRANCO was a FASCIST Hitler and Mussolini sent weapons and troops to help Franco in Spain. Hitler wanted to test out his troops and military tactics The Republican army fighting Franco received little help from abroad Early in 1939, the Republicans collapsed How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versaille? V#1 INVASION OF THE RHINELAND V#2 March 7, 1936 It was the last chance to stop Hitler, but Britain and France are not prepared to fight. Why are Britain and France unprepared to fight? It marked an important turning point: – Strengthened Hitler’s power and prestige within Germany – Changed the balance of power in Germany’s favor – Encouraged Hitler to begin a program of military and territorial expansion. ROME-BERLIN AXIS In October 1936 Alliance between Germany and Italy Expected their alliance to become the axis around which Europe would rotate A month later, Germany also made an agreement with Japan Germany+Italy+Japan= AXIS POWERS ANNEXATION OF AUSTRIA V#3 The Fuhrer declared Germany needed more lebensraum “living Room” in order to grow March 1938: Anschluss, or “union,” between Austria and Germany Part of Hitler’s motivation for taking Austria was that he was born in Austria Once again, France and Britain did nothing in response to Hitler’s move SUDETENLAND A mountainous region of western Czechoslovakia Hitler demanded this area, because it was inhabited by about 3 million German-speaking people September 1938: Hitler suddenly demanded that Czechoslovakia give up the Sudetenland Hitler threatened to invade the Sudetenland by October 1st MUNICH AGREEMENT “Peace in our Time” September 29, 1938 Hitler(Germany), Chamberlain(Great Britain), Mussolini(Italy), Daladier(France) Hitler promised that the Sudetenland was his last territorial claim In exchange, Hitler pledged to respect Czech new borders Britain and France agreed to Hitler’s demand: POLICY OF APPEASEMENT Chamberlain“There will be Peace in our Time” 6 months later, Hitler’s troops marched into Czechoslovakia POLICY OF “APPEASEMENT” Attempting to please someone in order to avoid conflict Britain and France did not take a firm stand against fascist aggression They made concessions to the Fascists in hopes of “The Spineless leaders of Democracy” keeping peace The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Non-aggression pact: a pledge not to attack each other In August 1939 between Hitler and Stalin They privately agreed to divide Eastern Europe Hitler wanted to avoid a two-front war Stalin needed time to rebuild his Military INVASION OF POLAND On April 28, 1939, Hitler announced his plans to take back the Polish corridor On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, sending in divebombers, tanks, and troops Blitzkrieg: “lightning war,” or sudden, massive attack On September 3rd, Britain and France declared war on Germany and began mobilizing for war. WWII officially started. By the end of September 1939, Poland was conquered EXC Review Attempting to please someone to avoid conflict is called? Appeasement First act of aggression Invasion of Manchuria Name the countries that make up the Axis Powers Germany+Italy+Japan Famous quote at the Munich Conference “There will be peace in our time” Reason Hitler signed a treaty with Stalin To Avoid a Two front war Translate the word “Blitzkrieg” Lightning War