Download 31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System

Set
Cornell Notesand
on pg.
31.1upPathogens
Human Illness
67
31.6 Diseases
2.1 Atoms,
Ions, that Weaken the
Immune System
and Molecules
•Topic: 31.6 Diseases that
Weaken the Immune
System
•Essential Question(s):
1.How do HIV and AIDS
differ?
KEY CONCEPT
When the immune system
is weakened, the body
cannot fight off diseases
31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness
Pg. 66
HIV/AIDS
Video Notes
HIV
Make sure to take NOTES on all
videos!!!
You will be writing a summary of
how HIV affects the immune
system for homework.
Homework: Summary of HIV’s Affect
on Immune System
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Respond P. 67
Why might a person with a
compromised immune system be
unable to fight off a disease?
Their immune system is not
fighting off the pathogens. If the
body cannot fight off pathogens
they will get sick.
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
KEY CONCEPT
When the immune system is weakened, the body
cannot fight off disease.
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Diseases that weaken the immune system lead to:
Opportunistic infections:
• Infections where if the immune system were healthy,
it would be able to fight these infections
• occur because white blood cells cannot fight infections
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Pg. 66
• Create a small bubble map including everything you
ALREADY know about HIV.
HIV
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
HIV/AIDS Intro 3m13s
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
The human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)
– is a retrovirus (has RNA instead
of DNA as its genetic material)
– HIV reproduces in, and destroys
T cells
- The body cannot replace T cells
fast enough and T cells cannot
help in immune responses
- Therefore, immune system
becomes weakened
– is transmitted by mixing infected
blood with a bodily fluid
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
The Medical Mechanics of HIV 2m7s
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Ways to get HIV
• Sexual intercourse (semen/vaginal fluid)
• Mother to child (umbilical cord and/or breast milk)
• Blood to blood contact (sharing needles/blood transfusion)
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
HIV and Immune Response 3m51s
• Why can’t our bodies fight off infections such as HIV or
Hepatitis C?
dead
T cell
T cell
activated
B cell
antibody
HIV
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Origin of HIV? (THEORY)
SIV: Simian Immunodeficiency
virus
• Found in 45 species of nonhuman primates
• Has been present for at least
32,000 years
• Causes NO disease in most
of the primates
• Certain primates may end up
with AIDS like symptoms
• The hunter may have been
bitten or cut creating cross
species contamination
• May have mutated from SIV to
HIV once inside the human body
FIV: Feline Immunodeficiency virus
• Not typically fatal
• Can be tolerated by the cat’s
immune system for years
• May cause AIDS like symptoms
over time
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
• HIV infection leads to AIDS.
Percent of people in
Africa with HIV 1999-2001
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
HIVs Not So Ancient History Reading
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
• AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
–
–
–
–
Immune system is worn out
very low amount of T cells
Medicine slows, but does not cure
ALWAYS results in death
– Several opportunistic infections are
usually the cause of death:
– Pneumonia
– Viral infections
– Cancers
– tuberculosis
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Evolution of HIV reading (20 mins)
• Highlight important information regarding the
evolution/immunity of HIV
• Summarize the answers to each of the three Key questions
posed in the reading. (If you HAD to answer each question
in 1-2 sentences, how would you answer?)
• Class discussion
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Homework
• Using your class notes and video notes, please write a
summary of how HIV affects the immune system.
• At least 5 sentences
• Include an illustration
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
The Man Who Couldn’t Catch AIDS 2m36s
HIV/AIDS
Ad Campaign
(40-50
31.6
Diseases
that Weaken
themins)
Immune System
Using any notes/video notes/articles/book/background
knowledge/internet on phones- please create an ad
poster/brochure/newspaper warning of the dangers of HIV/AIDS
A few ideas for your poster:
• A factual guide or brochure about HIV/AIDS
• The evolutionary origins or natural resistance to HIV/AIDS
• HIV/AIDS Prevention (lifestyle choices etc…)
• MUST HAVE ILLUSTRATIONS
• GOOD Ad Campaigns have slogans or catchy phrases
Somewhere in your campaign, you need to have 3-4
paragraphs educating the reader about HIV/AIDS
Include: Origin of HIV, HIV's effect on the body (feel free to use
your previous paragraph), how we can contract HIV as well as
prevention methods.
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Exploring the link between the Black Death and HIV
immunity
The Mystery of the Black Death begins in September of 1665, when a tailor in the secluded
English village of Eyam opened a flea-infested shipment of fabric from London. In a matter of
days, the tailor and much of the village were suffering the telltale signs of bubonic plague, the
disease that, in the first five years since its arrival, had wiped out a third of the European
population. To prevent the outbreak from spreading throughout the region, the whole town
was quarantined -- no one was allowed in or out. Outsiders assumed that the bacteria would
simply wipe out the entire village. But they were wrong. Three hundred and fifty years later,
Dr. Stephen O'Brien, a geneticist from the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C., is
delving into the reasons why some individuals managed to survive the excruciating Black
Death while others were dying all around them. Following O'Brien as he takes DNA samples
and investigates historical records and family archives, the film sheds light on the resistance
to the plague, and reveals a stunning legacy that the plague survivors passed on to their
descendents -- a similar resistance to the modern-day scourge of AIDS.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRrolqaU7fA&safe=active
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Review: Secrets of the Dead: Mystery of the Black Death
• Review answers with your table
• Students will be called on RANDOMLY to answer the
questions
Set
Cornell Notesand
on pg.
31.1upPathogens
Human Illness
69
31.6 Diseases
2.1 Atoms,
Ions, that Weaken the
Immune System
and Molecules
•Topic: 31.6 Diseases that
Weaken the Immune
System
•Essential Question(s):
1. How does leukemia affect
a person’s entire body?
31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness
Bone marrow is a tissue found within bones.
• Marrow makes RBC/WBC and platelets
• New blood cells replace mature ones that die
But, sometimes, blood cells do not mature properly…
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
• Leukemia is cancer of the bone marrow.
– Unlike other cancers, leukemia does not form tumors,
instead it prevents the bone marrow from functioning
properly
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
How does Leukemia weaken the immune system?
– Bone marrow produces immature WBC
– In an effort to replace defective WBCs, the bone
marrow overproduces WBCs (all of which do not work)
– Bone marrow spends all its time making WBCs and
makes fewer RBCs and platelets which are needed for
proper health
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Types
Diagnosis
Leukemia
Symptoms
Treatment
Pg. 68
Causes
Homework: Summary of Leukemia’s
Affect on Immune System
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Leukemia Informational Video 6m30s
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJOYAaygQFE
• Please add to your notes on leukemia to your bubblemap using the many facts that are provided in the video.
(Top of 68)
• You will later use this information to write a summary of
the effects that leukemia has on the body.
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Leukemia Treatment Options
• Patients are treated with large
doses of chemotherapy and
radiation in order to kill all of the
abnormal bone marrow cells
•
Bone marrow transplant the
cancerous bone marrow must be
replaced with healthy bone marrow.
• If the transplant is successful,
the donor marrow will make
healthy blood cells!
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Bone Marrow Biopsy 3m22s
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svTQ-zJHY9M
Bone Marrow Transplant 2m55s
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuirlplSfBU
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Problems with bone marrow transplants…
• The donor marrow can make antibodies against the
host’s healthy tissues
• Chemotherapy and radiation kill both the cancerous cells
AND the healthy cells leaving the immune system weak
• Immune system is then open to catching opportunistic
infections
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Why Charlie Brown? Why? (Parts 1-3) Approx 24 mins
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSkAzKZaUnM
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qaiM0TKgeQ
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGoLJvmUTdM
• A 1990 Peanuts episode introducing children to Leukemia.
• The idea for Why, Charlie Brown, Why? was conceived by Sylvia
Cook, a registered nurse at the Stanford Children's Hospital. In
December 1985, Cook sent a letter to Charles M. Schulz, asking
him to produce a short animated film about cancer for young
patients featuring the Peanuts characters.
• Cancer was a subject with which Schulz was familiar; his mother
Dena had died of cancer when he was in his twenties, and
Schulz himself would succumb to colon cancer in 2000. The
special has been shown in hospitals and in public education
systems, primarily elementary schools and junior high schools,
as a method for explaining the subject to children
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Leukemia Comic
• As a table, please look over the Leukemia comic
provided
• This is a comic that is given to children with Leukemia to
help them figure out what is happening to them
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Leukemia- True Story
• In Britain it is spelled “Leukaemia”
• Please read “Last Christmas saw the Kelly Family Facing
the Unthinkable”
• Highlight any important information
Answer the following questions:
1. What showed up in Ryan’s blood work that made his
family concerned?
2. Is one negative biopsy enough to discount leukemia?
3. What sorts of help does the Leukaemia Foundation offer
to families with sick members?
4. What types of treatment did Ryan get?
31.6 Diseases that Weaken the Immune System
Classwork- Bottom of Pg. 68
• Using your class notes and video notes, please write a
summary of how Leukemia affects the immune system.
• At least 5 sentences
• Include an illustration