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Digestive System breakdown of food into materials the body can use http://highered. rmcgrawhill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapte26/animation__organs_of_digestion.html 3 major types of nutrients: Fats: Store energy for future use and build cell membranes Proteins: Made of amino acids. Act as enzymes and build tissues, hair, bones, muscles. Carbohydrates: Used for quick energy for the body Ex. Complex starch, simple sugar Digestion... So materials can move into the bloodstream! Mechanical... physical crushing/smashing of food into smaller pieces Chemical ... done by enzymes (proteins) food is changed into new materials 3 Mouth: *Begins digestion of carbs Mechanical & Chemical digestion Mech -ALL food crushed by teeth Chem - (amylase, an enzyme in saliva) breaks down complex carbohydrates (starches) into simple sugars Action of amylase http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/animations/amylase.html Esophagus Tube from pharynx stomach Peristalsis (wavelike muscular motion) pushes food through the digestive tract. http://www.lionden.info/peristalsis.htm 2 valves or sphincters (rings of muscle) keep the bolus of food moving in the correct direction on either side of the stomach! Stomach-Muscular Sack lined with mucus to protect it from acids! Mechanical and Chemical digestion Mechanical- muscular churning breaks food into smaller pieces > soupy mixture called chyme Chemical- Gastric Juices made of Pepsin and hydrochloric acid http://yucky.discovery.com/flash/body/yuckystuff/gurgle/js.index.html *Breakdown of proteins to amino acids begins here and bacteria are killed! Extra organs... Pancreas, liver, & gallbladder Not part of the digestive tract....food does not touch them ... but they aid digestion! 7 Small intestine MOST DIGESTION HAPPENS in the Duodenum: the first 25cm of the Small Intestine ENZYMES ENTER… Pancreatic juice from pancreas - neutralizes stomach acid and finishes the breakdown of carbs, proteins, and fats. Bile starts the break down of fats. (This is made by liver / stored in gall bladder) Fats must be broken down by both because they are too large to be absorbed through the villi. http://www.zerobio.com/secretin_flash.htm Also in the Small Intestine… Fingerlike villi absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. This occurs through Diffusion: The movement of materials from high concentration to low. Easy! Passive! No energy needed! Some of the nutrients go into cells and some are stored in the liver. A. B. C. D. E. Small Intestine shape… Which of these is the correct form of the small intestine? Why does the small intestine have to have this shape? Form A- the microvilli increase the surface area to slow the food passage and allow nutrients to diffuse into the bloodstream. Form B- the food would pass through too quickly and not enough nutrients would be able to be absorbed to keep us alive. 11 Large Intestine - Shorter but wider Water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream by diffusion! Rectum – Solid waste compacted and stored until it leaves through the anus...opening to the outside of body Organize your organs Where will I go song … Lets digest something http://www.medtropolis.com/VBody.asp www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYWVbt6t2mw http://kitses.com/animation/swfs/digestion.swf