Download Wise Guy # 1 - Grosse Pointe Public School System

Absolute
Divine Right
Monarchs
“5 Guys”
Ms. Lovelace
World History 9
Q of D
Look at page 588 (Key Concepts) Do not write
the question.
1. What factors might weaken the power of an
absolute monarch?
Answers
1.
• People are afraid
• People now protest/overthrow
• Wide gap between rich/poor causes
friction
• One mistake can ruin the ruler
Wise Guy # 1 - Phillip II:
• Inherited the Spanish Empire from dad
(Charles V)
– Consisted of :
1. Spain
2. Spanish Netherlands
3. American Colonies (Fla. etc.)
• Personality: Aggressive, shy, religious,
serious, suspicious, but indecisive
• Aggressive: Portugal’s King dies, no heir.
Phillip is the nephew. HE SEIZES Portugal
• Now the Spanish Empire includes new land
that surrounds globe
– Spanish territory in Africa
– India
– East Indies
Catholicism, Wealth and
Spanish Armada
• When Phillip takes throne he defends
Catholicism. Family name is Hapsburg
– History of kicking out Spanish Muslims,
and defending Spain against Mus.
– Attacks Ottoman Empire (Muslim)
– Attacks Protestant England
• Result: Spanish Armada is flattened by the
English Tudor Queen Elizabeth I
– You will investigate later
• Question: How did Spain get rich?
– America = 339,000 lbs of gold
– 16,000 lbs of silver
– ¼ of every ship’s wealth is Spain
– Large army of 50,000 soldiers
Decline of Spain/Absolutism in
Europe
• Gold and Silver made Spain temporarily wealthy. But,
here are three reasons the Spanish Empire declined:
1. Inflation and Taxes
–
–
Decline in value of money, prices for goods cost more
2 Main causes: Growing population (more demand equals rise
in prices for goods) and too much silver in market (decline in
value of money
2. Enemies Become Rich
–
–
Many goods and clothing were bought from Spain, not Spanish
merchants, so money flowed out of country
Were involved in too many wars. It cost too much $
3. Dutch Revolt: Protestant Dutch revolt against Catholic
Spain, they lost territory, Dutch prosper
Absolutism in Europe
• Absolute Monarchs: King or Queen who
holds all the power within their territory,
controls every aspect of society
• Divine Right: The idea that God created
the monarchy and that the monarch acted
as God’s representative on Earth. Abs.
Monarch only answers to God not their
subjects!
Philip II
• Palace = massive walls and gates = power
• Monastery within the palace =
demonstration of his devout religious
practices
• Maintained huge military force
• Expelled Jews, nobles did not have to pay
taxes
Wise Guy # 2 King Louis XIV of
France (Bourbon)
“The Sun King”
• Becomes King at age 4
• Fears the nobles rebellion as a child and
vows to have total control as King when he
is older.
• Family Name: Bourbon
Cardinal Mazarin
• In charge while Louis XIV was a boy
• Ended 30 years war in 1648
• Raised taxes and strengthened central
gov’t
• Nobles rioted against him
• Dies in 1661 when Louis is 22 and he
officially assumes the throne
Wise Guy # 2 King Louis XIV of
France (Bourbon)
“The Sun King”
Use of Absolute Power
1. “L e’tat, c’est moi”
2. Did away w/Edict of Nantes
which allowed religious
tolerance
3. Built palace of Versailles
4. Weakens nobles authority
1&2
• Le etat Cest Moi = • Colbert dies and
“I am the state!”
Louis ends the
Edict of Nantes
• Became the
thousands of
strongest King of
protestants flee
his time, started his
country and France
reign at age 4!
loses skilled
workers
3&4
• Palace of
Versailles: shows
royal power cost
approx. 2.3B in US
dollars (2003) to
build
• Intendents – middle
class gov’t agents he
sends out to collect
taxes and administer
justice.
• Does not include
nobles in council
meetings, forces them
to remove walls
around palaces, and
makes them visit
Versailles constantly
Palace ofVersailles:
Then and Now
Then
Now
Economic Growth
• Jean Baptiste Colbert (minister of finance)
• Did not want the wealthy to leave France
• Promoted self-sufficieny – taxed foreign
goods and expanded manufacturing
The Sun King’s Grand Style
1. Control the Nobility – Made nobles live at
Versailles, this decreased their power by
removing them from their home (it
increased the power of the intendants)
2. Patron of the Arts - Danced the title role
in the ballet “The Sun King” - paintings
and arts revolved around glorifying the
King. (not religion like before)
Disastrous Wars
• Attacks – Spanish Netherlands, Dutch
Netherlands, and other weaker countries
• They band together to create the League
of Augsburg to fight France
War of Spanish Succession
• Childless King of Spain dies leaving territory to
Louis’s 16 year old grandson
• Expands French Bourbon control
• 1701 several countries join together to stop this
union = war
• Drags on until 1714 until Treaty of Utrecht
signed – calls for thrones not to be combined
• Big winner is Britain who takes territories from
Spain
Death & Legacy
• Final years were sad
• Regretted all the wars he caused
• Made France a strong European Empire =
colonies, trade, arts
• Created staggering debt (Versailles) and
abuse of power that would continue in
France
• 1715 he died in bed and people rejoiced in
the streets of France
Wise Guy # 3: Frederick the
Great of Prussia
1712-1786
Path to Absolute Monarch
•
Where: Prussia rises to
power in late 1600’s, located
between Poland and present
day Germany
•
Hohenzollerns = Royal Family
Name
•
King Frederick William I goal
= decided a strong standing
army will protect lands so he
increases taxes and calls
himself a King
Limits Junkers Power:
JUNKERS:
• Prussia’s Noble
Class
How?
• Frederick weakens the
representative
assemblies of the nobles
• bribes the nobility by
making them officers in
the army and they
became a highly
militarized society…
• pulls them away from
their territories
Wise Guy # 3: Frederick the Great of
Prussia
• King Frederick William worried
about his son Frederick
• Maybe not military minded enough to rule? Not
a tough guy?
• Son has love of music, philosophy, and poetry
• At 18, he and a friend tried to run away, as
punishment his father made him witness his
friend’s death
• Despite this, Frederick II (Frederick the
Great) followed his dad’s military
policies (expanded land through
wars), but softened some of his
father’s laws.
Frederick the Pragmatist?
• What he did that was different than Dad:
1.Encouraged religious toleration and legal
reform
2.Believed he should be like a father to his
people
– Act with honesty, help the unfortunate
# 4 Russia and Peter the Great
(Romanov = Family Name)
1672-1725
• Russia is not like Western Europe:
1. Still has serfdom
2. Orthodox, not Catholic or
Protestant so they stay away
from the “heretics”
• Peter visits the West 1680’s to
“Westernize Russia”
- Wants to learn customs and
modern manufacturing
techniques!
- Believes Russia needs a
warm water port.
Peter returns from Western
Europe
Comes back with:
• teachers, engineers,
and craftspeople to
modernize help
Russia
Peter the Great
Westernization – 5 key points
1. Sets up new schools, and 1st
newspaper
2. Established St. Petersburg by the
Baltic Sea to set up a huge trading
port with Europe
•
(Visits Netherlands – shipbuilding)
3. Raised women’s status by letting
them go to social gatherings
•
Stops arranged marraiges
4. Ordered nobles to give up old
clothing for Western fashions and
told them to shave their beards
•
Or they’re taxed
5. Modernized army (200,000
soldiers), heavy taxes, introduces
potatoes
Wise Guy # 5: Oliver Cromwell
First, State of England
• When Elizabeth I died (Tudor), she had no heirs
– Closest heir is James Stuart (James I)
– James fought the same battles with Parliament that Elizabeth did
• Raising money for wars
• Also did not enact Puritan reforms (except new Bible translation)
– James dies, his son Charles I takes over fights w/ Parliament
• Always needs money for wars against Spain and France
• Needs money from Parliament, they say NO!
• To get money from Parliament he agreed to in the Petition of Right to:
– Not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent and imprison w/o cause
– To get money he imposes all kinds of fees and fines on the English
people?
KEY QUESTIONS
1. Does this make him more popular or less popular?
2. Even though he ignores the document, why is the document still
important?
Continued
• In 1637, Charles tried to force the
Presbyterian Scots (Scotland) to become
Anglican.
– Wants the kingdom to be one religion
• Scots rebel, form a huge army and
threaten to invade England
• Charles I needs money
– Parliaments says………NOOOO!
– Tries to have them arrested; they escape
– Londoners protest outside the palace
English Civil War
• Charles I flees to Northern England where he
has loyal supporters
• From 1642 to 1649, supporters and opponents
of King Charles fought the English Civil War.
• People loyal to Charles: Royalists/Cavaliers
• People supportive to Parliament: Roundheads
– Short hair over their ears
– Led by General Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army
– Defeated the Cavaliers and held King Charles
prisoner
Execution of King Charles I
• Cromwell brings
Charles to trial for
treason against
Parliament
• Guilty and sentence
him to death!
• Q. Why is this
revolutionary?
• A. Never before had a
King been put on trial and
put to death publicly
Rule of Wise Guy #5: Oliver
Cromwell
• As leader, he abolishes
monarchy, and tells
Parliament to go home
– Has associate John Lambert
draft a constitution
– Eventually, tears it up and
becomes a military dictator
– Q. Why is he an absolute
monarch?
– A. He is now above the law
Cromwell
• Puts down Irish(Catholic) rebellion
Crushed Irish army
– Seizes homes and gives them to English
soldiers
• He fought plague and famine, and killed
hundreds of thousands
• Also, abolished “sinful activities” like
– Theatre, sporting events, and dancing