Download The Reproductive Systems

Sexual Health Unit Introduction
This unit focuses on sexual health
information for high school
health/fitness classes.
Overview of Presentations
1. Male & Female Reproductive Systems
2. Responsible Relationships (DVD: When
Dating Turns Dangerous)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Abstinence
STDs
HIV/AIDS
Contraceptives
DVD: Don't Take Love Lying Down with
Brad Henning
Rules of Play
• Be respectful of people’s thoughts & feelings.
– Assume there is diversity (race, gender, sexual
orientation, life experiences)
• If it’s personal, keep it personal. Refrain from
comments that would make others think you’re
sexually active (no bragging).
• Act mature about the subject matter.
• Remember: When sharing, use the phrase
“Someone I know…”
• Opportunities for personal and confidential
questions will be provided during the unit.
A little joke . . .
• Little Billy was playing with some friends and
then ran home to ask his mother where he came
from. The mother realized it was kind of early to
give the birds and the bees speech, but Billy
deserved to know the truth.
• So she explained about sperm and eggs and the
reproduction process.
• Billy was quietly listening with big eyes and then
finally exclaimed, “My friend Randy said he was
from Boston. I just wanted to know where I was
from.”
SuperShort Assignment #1
• After reviewing the six presentation topics
of the unit (reproductive systems, responsible
relationships, abstinence, STDs, HIV & AIDS, and contraception)
write down 5 reasons why this information
is important.
• Look over the class rules and list the one
you think is the most important to apply
during this unit. Explain why in 2-3
sentences.
The
Reproductive
Systems
Male and Female
Presentation 1
What’s Your Health IQ?
(14 true or false questions)
1. Sperm are made in the vas deferens.
2. Testicular cancer is most common in
men over 50 years old.
3. Estrogen is the primary hormone in
males.
4. Eggs are made in the ovaries.
5. A woman produces several eggs every
month.
6. The scrotum’s job is temperature control.
What’s Your Health IQ?
(true or false)
7. The urethra is a final passageway for semen
and urine.
8. The medical term for a “ wet dream” is night
projection.
9. A woman’s menstrual cycle is 3-7 days.
10. The penis does not have to be erect for
ejaculation.
11. Semen is composed of secretions and sperm.
12. A developing human is called an embryo and
fetus.
13. Ova is the same thing as an ovary.
14. The uterus transports the egg.
Answers…
1. False, sperm are made in the testes.
2. False, most cases of testicular cancer
occur in males 15-35 years old.
3. False, testosterone is the primary
hormone in males.
4. True, eggs are made in the ovaries.
5. False, women typically produce and
release only one egg per month.
Answers…
6. True, The scrotum’s job is temperature control.
7. True, The urethra is a final passageway for semen and
urine.
8. F, The medical term for a “ wet dream” is NOT night
projection. It’s nocturnal emission.
9. F, A woman’s menstrual cycle is NOT 3-7 days.
(Average cycle is 28 days.)
10. F, The penis does not have to be erect for ejaculation.
(It does.)
11. True, Semen is composed of secretions and sperm.
12. True, A developing human is called an embryo and
fetus.
13. F, Ova is the same thing as an ovary. (ova = eggs)
14. F, The uterus transports the egg. (the fallopian tubes
do)
Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system works to produce sperm and
deliver it to the female reproductive system.
How the Male Reproductive
System Works: Penis
• The penis is responsible for removing urine from the
male’s body and delivering sperm to the female
reproductive system.
• Sperm are sex cells that are produced by the male
reproductive organs called the testes and that are needed
to fertilize an egg.
• The penis is made of soft tissue and blood vessels.
• During sexual activity, the penis becomes erect, or firm.
This is caused by an increase in blood flow to the blood
vessels in the penis.
• The penis must be erect for ejaculation to occur.
• Semen: a fluid made up of sperm and other secretions
from the male reproductive organs
How the Male Reproductive
System Works: Penis cont.
• Ejaculation occurs when sperm are released from
the penis after sexual excitement.
• *It is normal for males to ejaculate during sleep.
This is known as nocturnal emissions or “wet
dreams”.
• Both sperm and urine leave the body through an
opening at the tip of the penis called the urethra.
• The tip of the penis is covered by a sheath of skin
called a foreskin. When a male baby has this
removed it is known as circumcision.
Path of the Sperm
How the Male Reproductive
System Works: Path of Sperm
1.
Testes (testicles) produce
sperm and testosterone. (Testosterone
is the major sex hormone of males.)
• The two testes rest in the scrotum, a skincovered sac that hangs from the body. The job
of the scrotum muscles is to adjust the position
of the testes for temperature control. *Sperm
cannot develop properly at the higher
temperatures of the body.
2. Epididymis is the temporary storage place for
the sperm. The sperm mature and gain the
ability to move
How the Male Reproductive System
Works: Path of Sperm
3. Vas deferens acts as both a passageway
for the sperm as they exit the body and
as another storing place as the sperm wait
to be ejaculated
4. The seminal vesicles are found near the
base of the urinary bladder.
–
They produce thick secretions that nourish
the sperm and help sperm move easier.
How the Male Reproductive
System Works: Path of Sperm
5. The prostate gland encircles the urethra near
the bladder.
–
Secretes a thin, milky fluid that protects the sperm
from acid in the female reproductive system
6. The Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands are found
near the urethra below the prostate.
–
Prior to ejaculation, this gland secretes a clear fluid
the protects the sperm from acid in the male urethra.
7. The Urethra is used as the final passageway for
both semen and urine. The prostate closes off
the bladder to prevent any urine from joining
the semen.
Path of the Sperm
Problems of the Male
Reproductive System
Problem
Jock Itch
What is it?
fungal infection of
groin area; exposure to
moisture and heat
increases the risk
abnormal division
Prostate Cancer of cells in the
prostate; may be
hereditary
Testicular
Cancer
abnormal division
of cells in the
testes; may be
hereditary
Symptoms
Treatment
itchy rash in groin,
mostly in creases of
upper thigh
keeping area cool
and dry; over-thecounter antifungal
creams
difficulty urinating or
defecating, burning
during urination,
blood in urine, or no
symptoms
surgery, radiation,
and/or
chemotherapy
lump on testes,
enlargement of testes,
sense of heaviness in the
scrotum, or no
symptoms
surgery,
radiation,
and/or
chemotherapy
6 Ways to stay healthy: Males
1. Wear appropriate protective
gear during sports (a “cup”)
2. Avoid wearing tight clothing
3. Wash the penis and scrotum
every day, and dry yourself
carefully after showering
4. If you are not circumcised,
wash underneath the foreskin
5. Perform a monthly testicular
self-exam (ages 14-35)
6. Have an annual checkup with
a doctor
Testicular Self-Exam
Look for the following signs:
•an unusual, painless lump
• a heavy, dragging feeling
in the testes
• a dull ache in the groin
• a change in the size of one
testicle
• sudden collection of fluid in
scrotum
• blood in urine
Female Reproductive System:
External Organs
• Labia majora: They protect the other external
reproductive organs. Literally translated as "large
lips," the labia majora are relatively large and
fleshy.
• Labia minora: Literally translated as "small lips,"
they can be very small or up to 2 inches wide.
They lie just inside the labia majora, and surround
the openings to the vagina and urethra).
• Bartholin’s glands: They are located next to the
vaginal opening and produce a fluid (mucus)
secretion.
• Clitoris: The two labia minora meet at the clitoris, a
small, sensitive protrusion. The clitoris is covered
by a fold of skin, called the prepuce and is very
sensitive to stimulation.
Female Reproductive System:
External Organs
What the Female Reproductive
System Does
The function of the female reproductive
system is to make eggs and to provide a
place to support and nourish a developing
human.
Eggs, or ova, are the sex cells that are
produced by the female reproductive
organs called ovaries. The process by
which a sperm and an egg and their
genetic material join to create a new
human life is called fertilization.
Female Reproductive System:
Internal Organs
How the Female Reproductive
System Works: Ovaries
• Ovaries are the female reproductive organs that
produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and
progesterone.
• All of the eggs that a female will ever have are in
her two ovaries when she is born (100,000+).
Approximately 400 will be released between
puberty & menopause.
• During puberty:
– Estrogen causes the reproductive organs to mature into
their adult shape and size, as well as body hair to grow
under the arms and pubic area.
– Both estrogen and progesterone are responsible for the
monthly release of an egg to prepare the body for
pregnancy.
How the Female Reproductive System
Works: Fallopian Tubes & Uterus
• The fallopian tubes transport an egg
from the ovary to the uterus.
• The uterus (womb) provides a place to
support a developing human
– It is a muscular cavity (the size of a fist)
found at the top of the vagina and
between the bladder and rectum
– The uterus meets the vagina at its lower
end, called the cervix.
How the Female Reproductive
System Works: Vagina
• The vagina connects the outside of the
female body to the uterus. It receives
sperm during reproduction.
• This tubular organ runs from the lower end
of the uterus to the outside of the body.
• The vagina also facilitates menstrual flow
in exiting the body, and a birthing canal
when a baby is born.
• Above (toward the front of the body) is
the urethra. It is separate from the vagina
and carries urine from the bladder to the
outside of the body.
Path of the Egg (Ova)
Basics of the Menstrual Cycle
• Prior to ovulation (the release of an egg), the lining
of the uterus thickens to prepare to support a
growing human during pregnancy.
• Menstruation is the breakdown and discharge of the
uterine lining out of the vagina. This occurs if a
released egg is not fertilized. Menstruation lasts on
average 3 to 7 days.
• The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days. Ovulation
usually occurs on the 14th day. However, this length
can vary.
• Environmental factors, such as stress, diet, travel,
exercise, weight gain/loss, and illness can influence
the timing of the female cycle.
• It is VERY IMPORTANT for a female to check with
her healthcare professional if she has any questions
about her reproductive system and/or menstrual
cycle.
The Menstrual Cycle
*Most females menstruate during the first 3-7 days of the cycle.
The most fertile times are 6-7 days before ovulation and 2-3 days
after ovulation.
Problems of the Female
Reproductive System
Problem
Cystitis
(Bladder
Infection)
Premenstrual
syndrome
(PMS)
Cervical
Cancer
What is it?
Inflammation of
the urinary
bladder; usually
due to a bacterial
infection
mental and
physical changes
related to
menstrual cycle,
not completely
understood
abnormal
division of cells
in the cervix;
may also be from
an STD
Symptoms
Treatment
Burning during
urination, strongsmelling urine,
fever, or blood in
urine
Antibiotics
prescribed by a
doctor
irritability, mood
swings, depression,
abdominal
bloating, and
breast tenderness
determined
by a doctor
vaginal bleeding,
discharge, or
pelvic pain; may
not be any
symptoms
surgery,
radiation,
and/or
chemotherapy
8 Ways to stay
healthy: Females
1. Exercise regularly, and maintain a balanced diet.
2. Gently wash the genital area every day with warm
water and mild soap. Do not use feminine hygiene
sprays and powders.
3. Wipe the vaginal opening from front to back after
urination
4. Change sanitary napkins or tampons every 4-8 hours
when menstruating. This helps avoid Toxic Shock
Syndrome, a rare but dangerous disease. (1-17 cases per 100,000
women, symptoms may include vomiting, diarrhea, fainting, dizziness, or a rash that looks like a sunburn)
5. Avoid wearing tight clothing that can cause
discomfort.
6. Have an annual pelvic exam with a health care
professional after the age of 18 or earlier if sexually
active.
Stay Healthy: Females
7. Do a breast self-exam each month after your period
(for those that have them.) 1 out of 8 women in the
U.S. has a risk of developing breast cancer during her
lifetime.)
Breast Self-Exam Procedures:
• Feel each breast with soapy fingers, in the shower.
It is important to check the entire area, even the
armpits.
• Look at the breasts in the mirror ... First with hands
down at the side, then raising them over the head,
and finally pressing down on the hips (to flex the
chest muscles).
• Lie down, with a pillow under the shoulder, to
examine each breast. Use the flat parts of the
fingers ... and press down firmly.
Stay Healthy: Females
What should you look for with the BSE?
• an unusual, painless lump
• changes in the shape of the breast (such
as swelling or dimples)
• discharge (liquid) from the nipple
• change in the direction one nipple is
pointing
• redness or scaliness
Brain Pop
• Fetal Development
How Life Begins
• Sexual intercourse is the reproductive
process in which the penis is inserted into
the vagina and through which a new human
life may begin.
• From the vagina, sperm travel through the
uterus and into the fallopian tubes, where
fertilization normally occurs.
• After fertilization, the zygote travels to
the uterus and embeds in the uterine wall.
• The developing human in the first 8 weeks
of development is called an embryo.
How a Baby Develops
• The placenta is an organ that
develops in the uterus. It
provides a developing baby
with nutrients and removes
waste.
• The umbilical cord connects the
embryo to the placenta.
How a Baby Develops
(1st Trimester)
• In the 1st trimester, first 3 months, the
embryo grows rapidly. (Note: 25% of all
pregnancies end in miscarriage and they are most common
in the 1st trimester.)
• By week 4, the heart starts beating, arm and
leg buds appear, and the eyes and brain start
to develop.
• By the end of the first trimester,
all the major body parts and
organs have formed.
How a Baby Develops (2nd Trimester)
• Beyond the first trimester, the developing baby
is called a fetus.
• In the second trimester, the organs continue to
develop. By 4 months, the mother can feel the
fetus move or kick.
• By the end of the second trimester, facial
features are apparent,
and you can tell if
the fetus is male
or female.
How a Baby Develops
(3rd Trimester)
• In the third trimester, the fetus gains most
of its weight. At the end of 9 months, the
baby is born.
Development leading up to Birth
14 weeks
4 weeks
8 weeks
28 weeks
40 weeks
“Conception to Birth”
• http://www.ted.com/talks/alexander_tsiara
s_conception_to_birth_visualized.html
• Show from 2:00 to 6:00 of video
BrainPop
• Twins
Presentation Resources
• This presentation was created using one or
more of the following curricula:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Department of Health, online resources
Center for Disease Control, online resources
F.L.A.S.H. (Family Life and Sexual Health)
Glencoe Health, 2007
Glencoe Human Sexuality 2007
Holt Lifetime Health 2004
KNOW (HIV/STD Prevention) 1997
Prentice Hall Health, 2007