Download Arch Nerve Muscles Skeleton

Clicker questions
• Intro to histology
• Embryology
• Epithelium
These are the slides we went through at the
beginning of class on Tuesday, August 11.
What type of stain is this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hematoxylin & eosin
PAS
Silver
Toluidine blue
Wright-Giemsa
Which of the following organisms
stains best with this stain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
Viruses
Prions
How big are these cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10 nm
2 µm
7 µm
15 µm
1 mm
Which of the following forms during
week two of embryonic development?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Blastocyst
Amniotic cavity
Neural tube
Mesoderm
Pharyngeal arch system
Embryology Lecture Outline
General overview of prenatal development
Embryonic period phase 1
• Formation of bilaminar disk
• Formation of trilaminar disk (gastrulation)
Embryonic period phase 2
• Formation of neural tube
• Differentiation of mesoderm
• Folding of embryo
• Formation of pharyngeal arches
Week 2: Formation of Bilaminar Germ Disk
epiblast
hypoblast
Which of the following
gives rise to endoderm?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hypoblast
Mesoderm
Neural crest
Epiblast
Notochord
Gastrulation: movement and differentiation
of epiblast cells
Epiblast cells give rise to all three germ cell layers!
(the hypoblast does NOT turn into endoderm)
Which of the following is
derived from mesoderm?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Skeletal muscles
Anterior pituitary
Epidermis
GI tract lining
Central nervous system
Cranial and sensory ganglia and nerves
Ectomesenchyme of face
Adrenal medulla
Meninges
Melanocytes
Central nervous system
Posterior pituitary
Neuroectoderm
Urogenital system
Neural crest
Intermediate plate mesoderm
Know this!
Surface ectoderm
Paraxial mesoderm
Epidermis, hair and nails
Anterior pituitary
Tooth enamel
Skeleton and trunk muscles
Pharyngeal arches
Connective tissue
Skin
Endoderm
Lining of GI tract
Lateral plate mesoderm
Pharyngeal arches
Connective tissue
Which nerve supplies the muscles
derived from the second pharyngeal arch?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
II (optic)
V (trigeminal)
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)
Pharyngeal Arch Anatomy
Arches have a mesenchymal core
(derived from lateral and paraxial
mesoderm and neural crest cells), and
are covered with ectoderm and lined by
endoderm.
Each arch has its own cartilage, artery
and nerve.
Each nerve has two components:
• Motor
• Sensory
Sensory nerve divides into 2 branches:
• Posttrematic branch: covers the
anterior half of the arch epithelium
• Pretrematic: covers the posterior
half of the previous arch epithelium
Know this!
Arch
Nerve
Muscles
Skeleton
1
V (trigeminal)
Mastication*
Mylohyoid, anterior digastric
Tensors tympani and veli palatini
Meckel’s cartilage
(malleus, incus)
2
VII (facial)
Facial expression**
Posterior digastric
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
Reichert’s cartilage:
stapes, styloid,
lesser hyoid
3
IX
(glossopharyngeal)
Stylopharyngeus
Greater hyoid
4-6
X (vagus)
Cricothyroid
Levator veli palatini
Constrictors of pharynx
Larynx muscles
Laryngeal cartilages
* Temporal, masseter, and medial & lateral pterygoids
** Buccinator, auricularis, frontalis, platysma,
orbicularis ori and oculi.
Important!
Meckel’s cartilage indicates where
the mandible will develop – but it
does not turn into the mandible!
Which cell junction attaches
epithelial cells to the basal lamina?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Gap junction
Hemidesmosome
Macula adherens
Zonula adherens
Zonula occludens
name
tight
junction
adherens
junction
desmosome
junction
gap
junction
hemidesmosome
junction
Which substance is in these
linear, intercellular structures?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Desmoplakin
Cytokeratin
Catenin
Plakoglobin
Desmoglein
Macula adherens (spot desmosome)
Which of the following structures moves
back and forth to help particles move
along the epithelial surface?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Microvilli
Stereocilia
Cilia
Brush border
Glycocalyx
Cilia
Cilia are much longer and wider than microvilli.
They move back and forth to propel fluid along the epithelial surface.
Cilia on respiratory epithelial cells
Microvilli
Microvilli + cell coat
(or glyocalyx) =
brush border or
striated border
Purpose of
microvilli: increase
surface area for
absorption or
secretion