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English 11- Unit 9
Nature in Danger
Grammar:
Reduced
Relative clauses
Content
1.
Introduction
2.
Examples
3.
Exercises
Introduction
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Definition

Types of Reduced Relative Clause
Definition

A Reduced Relative Clause: a Relative
Clause formed with a participle and NO
relative pronoun
Types of Reduced Relative Clauses

Relative Clauses Reduced by TO+ Base
Form of Verb

Relative Clauses Reduced Participles
Relative Clauses Reduced by TO+ Inf.
After the first, second… the last, next, the only…
and sometimes a superlative
Ex: He is the first man who comes and the last man
who leaves.
He is the first man to come and the last man to
leave.
Relative Clauses Reduced by TO+ Inf.
After a (pro) noun when there is an idea of
purpose, obligation, permission of subject’s
wishes
Ex: They need a garden where they can play in.
They need a garden to play in.
Relative Clauses Reduced Participles
We use a present participle in place of
an active verb.
Ex: Do you know the woman who is talking to Tam?
Do you know the woman talking to Tam?
Relative Clauses Reduced Participles
We use a past participle in place of
a passive verb.
Ex: The boy who was injured in the accident was
take to the hospital.
 The boy injured in the accident was take to the
hospital.
Examples
1. Climbers bring with them canisters that contain
fuel to cook their meal.
 Climbers bring with them canisters containing
fuel to cook their meal.
2. We are concerned about people who are being
held in prison without a trial.
 We are concerned about people being held in
prison without a trial.
Examples
3. Most of the food which are made in this factory
are exported.
 Most of the food made in this factory are
exported.
4. They saw many houses that were destroyed by
the storm.
 They saw many houses destroyed by the
storm.
Examples
5. Have you got a key that can unlock this
door?
 Have you got a key to unlock this door?
6. We have some picture books that children
can read.
We have some picture books for children to
read.
Exercises
1. Task 1
2. Task 2
3. Task 3
Task 1




Divide class into 6 groups
Look at the task
The group giving the answer first will take 1
point.
At the end, which group has more point is the
winner.
Task 1
Reduce relative clauses to phrases:
1. The man who is sitting there is a clown.
The man sitting there is a clown.
2. The city which was destroyed during the war has now
been rebuilt.
The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
Task 1
3. The system which is used here is very
successful.
The system used here is very successful.
4. All students who don’t hand in their papers will
fail in the exam.
 All students not handing in their papers will fail
in the exam.
Task 1
5. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
He was the second man who was killed in this way.
6. There is a bench over there that your children can
sit on.
There is a bench over there for your children to sit
on.
Task 2
Complete the sentences using the
following verbs in the correct verb form
Task 2
read
sit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
call
offer
invite
ring
I was woken up by a bell ringing
………
invited to the party can’t
Some of the people ……....
come.
A few days after the interview, I received a letter
offering
………. me a job.
called
Somebody……….Jack
phoned while you were
out.
The waiting room was empty except for a young
man sitting
…….. by the window reading
.……… a magazine.
Task 3




Divide class into 4 groups
Make as many correct sentences as possible
Which group make the more correct one is
the winner
The winner will win 1 big present from the
teacher.
Task 3
Use the words in the brackets to make
sentences using REDUCED RELATIVE clauses
1. The house was empty. (nobody/ live/ in/ it)
There was no body living in it.
2. The accident wasn’t serious. (no one/ injure)
There was no one injured.
3. The piece of paper was blank. (nothing/ write/ on it)
There was nothing written on it.
4. We were the only guests at this hotel. (no body else/
stay here)
There was nobody else staying here.