Download Ch. 1: Matter and Change

Classification of
Matter
Pure Substances, Mixtures, States
of Matter, Changes in Matter
Breakdown of Matter
Matter can be classified into…

Pure Substances

A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that
consists of only one component with definite physical and
chemical properties and a definite composition.
Pure Substances
Elements:

simplest form of pure
substance.

They cannot be broken into
anything else by physical or
chemical means (one type of
atom)

Ex: iron (Fe), gold (Au),
anything on the periodic
table of elemnts
Compounds:

pure substances that are the
unions of two or more
elements.

They can be broken into
simpler substances ONLY by
chemical means

Has a chemical formula

Ex: salt (NaCl), water
(H2O), carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Matter can be classified into…..

Mixtures

two or more substances that are not chemically combined with
each other and can be separated by physical means. The
substances in a mixture retain their individual properties.

No chemical change takes place

They can be separated physically

Can further be classified as Heterogeneous or Homogeneous
Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures

not uniform in
composition

You can see the
different parts
Ex:
 Oil and water
 concrete
 blood
 Pizza
 sand in water
Homogeneous Mixtures



also called solution
uniform in
composition
no visible parts
Ex:
 vinegar
 clear air
 salt water
 brass
Physical Separation Techniques


Filtration- solid part is
trapped by filter paper
and the liquid part runs
through the paper
Vaporization- where the
liquid portion is
evaporated off to leave
solid
Physical Separation Techniques


Decanting- when liquid is
poured off after solid has
settled to bottom
Centrifuge- machine that
spins a sample very
quickly so that
components with
different densities will
separate
Physical Separation Techniques

Paper Chromatography- used to separate
mixtures because different parts move quicker
on paper than other